Term
| Tropical Rain Forest (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:hot and wet; not a lot of nutrients in the soil
Plants: broad-leaved evergreen trees; ferns;vines/climbing plants; orchids and bromeliads
Animals:herbivores(sloths, tapirs, capybaras), predators(jaguars, anteaters, monkeys), birds(toucans, parrots, parakeets), insects(butterflies, ants, beetles), freshwater fish (piranhas), reptiles (boa constrictors)
Distribution: S/C America, SE Asia, parts of Africa, S India, NE Australia |
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Term
| Tropical Dry Forest (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:warm; alternating wet/dry seasons; rich soil
Plants:deciduous trees (dense canopy during wet season); orchids, bromeliads(drought tolerant), aloe
Animals:tigers; monkeys; herbivores(elephants, indian rhinos), birds(great pied hornbill), insects(termites), reptiles(snakes, monster lizards)
Distribution:parts of Africa, S/C America, Mexico, India, Australia, trop. islands |
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Term
| Tropical Savanna (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors: warm; seasonal rainfall; compact soil; frequent fires due to lightning
Plants:perennial grasses, drought tolerant/fire resistant trees
Animals:predators(lions, leopards, cheetahs)herbivores(elephants, giraffes, zebras), birds(eagles, ostriches), insects(termites)
Distribution:large parts of E Africa, S Brazil, N Australia |
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Term
| Desert (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:low precipitation; varied temp.;soil--> rich in minerals/poor in organic material
Plants:cacti
Animals:predators(mtn lions, bobcats, gray foxes), herbivores(pronghorn antelope, kangaroo rats), birds(owls, hawks), insects(ants, beetles, flies, wasps), reptiles(tortoises,rattlesnakes, lizards)
Distribution: Africa, Asia, Middle East, US, Mexico, S America, Australia |
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Term
| Temperate Grassland (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:warm/hot summers, cold winters, moderate/seasonal precipitation; fertile soil; occasional fires
Plants: perennial grasses and herbs; most are fire/drought/cold resistant
Animals:predators(coyotes, badgers, wolves/grizzly bears), herbivores(mule deer, pronghorn antelope,rabbits, prairie dogs), birds(hawks, owls, bobwhite, prairie chicken), reptiles(snakes), insects(ants, grasshoppers)
Distribution:C Asia, N America, Australia, C Europe |
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Term
| Temperate Woodland/Shrubland (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:hot, dry summers, cool moist winters; few nutrients in soil; periodic fires
Plants:woody evergreen shrubs w/small leathery leaves; oily herbs that grow during winter and die during summer
Animals:predators(coyotes, foxes, bobcats, mtn lions), herbivores(blacktailed deerk rabbits, squirrels, mice), birds(hawks, Cali quail, songbirds), reptiles(lizards, snakes)
Distribution: |
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Term
| Temperate Forest (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:cold/moderate winters, warm summers; year round precipitation; fertile soil
Plants:broadleaf deciduous trees, some conifers; ground layer of mosses and ferns
Animals: deer, black bears, bobcats, nut feeders(squirrels), omnivores(raccoons, skunks), songbirds, turkeys
Distribution:E US, SE Canada, most of Europe, parts of Japan, China, Australia |
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Term
| Northwestern Coniferous Forest (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:mild temp; lots of precipitation in the fall, winter and spring; cool, dry summer, rocky/acidic soil
Plants:Douglas fir, sitka spruce, redwood
Animals:bears, large herbivores(elk, deer); beavers, predators(owls, bobcats, weasel like creatures)
Distribution: Pacific coast of NW US and Canada(N Cali to Alaska) |
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Term
| Boreal Forest (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors: long, cold, winters; short, mild summers; moderate precipitation; high humidity; acidic, low nutrient soil
Plants:needle leaf coniferous trees(sprue and fir), some broadleaf deciduous; berry bearing shrubs
Animals:predators(lynx, timberwolves), herbivorous mammals(moose), beavers; songbirds/migratory birds
Distribution: N America, Asia, N Europe |
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Term
| Tundra (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
Abiotic Factors:strong winds; low precipitation; short/soggy summers;long/cold/dark winters; badly developed soils; permafrost*
Plants:"ground hugging plants" mossess, lichens, short grasses
Animals:birds/mammals that can withstand harsh conditions(migratory waterfowl, shore birds, musk ox, Arctic Foxes, caribou*PALIN=CARIBOU BARBIE!*), lemmings, small rodents
Distribution: N North America, Asia and Europe |
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Term
| Mtn Ranges+Ice Caps (Terrestrial Biome) |
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Definition
MOUNTAINS
Abiotic Factors:temp varies based on altitude(temp goes does down and precipitation goes up and you go up the mountain)
Plants:types of plants change also (grassland --> woodland-->coniferous-->wildflowers[stunted vegetation--tundra--> sometimes ice)
Animals:
Distribution:
ICE CAPS
Abiotic Factors:cold year round
Plants: mosses and lichens(very few)
Animals:Polar bears, seals, insects, mites(north) penguins and marine mammals(south)
Distribution: Arctic Circle and Antarctica |
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Term
| Flowing water ecosystems (Freshwater Ecosystems) |
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Definition
Rivers
Streams
Creeks
Brooks
originate in mtns or hills
in slower areas, turtles, beavers, or river otters settle
some fish adapt to flowing water, like trout |
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Term
| Standing water ecosystem (Freshwater Ecoysystem) |
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Definition
Lakes
Ponds
net flow of water + circulating water within= distribution of heat/oxygen/nuitrients
plankton, phytoplankton--base for many aquatic food webs
zooplankton--planktonic animals--feed on phytoplankton |
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Term
| Wetlands (Freshwater Ecosystems) |
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Definition
water covers the soil or is at or near the surface of the soil for part of the year
sometimes a mix of salt and freshwater
bogs, marshes and swamps |
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Term
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Definition
wetlands that are formed when rivers meet the sea.
mix of fresh and saltwater
photosynthesis is possible because they are relatively shallow
big biomass |
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Term
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Definition
| temperate zone estuaries dominated by salt toleratnt grasses above low tide line |
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Term
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Definition
| coastal wetlands that are widespread across tropical regions. solt tolerant trees(mangroves) |
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Term
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Definition
200m
well lit
photosynthesis is limited to this area
algae and producers can only grow here |
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Term
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Definition
PERMANENTLY DARK
chemosynthetic autotrophs are the only producers that can survive there |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes submerged in water, sometimes not |
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Term
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Definition
| a layer of permanently frozen subsoil |
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Term
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Definition
| prominent horizontal banding of organisms that live in a particular habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| low tide to outer continental shelf |
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Term
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Definition
support complex food webs
grow mad fast-50 cm a day |
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Term
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Definition
| coral animals--calcium carbonate skeletons make up primary structure |
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Term
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Definition
oceanic zone
edge of continental shelf--> outwards
largest marine zone
more then 90% of the surface area of the worlds oceans
500m to 11,000m+ at bottom of trenches
low levels of nutrients
support smallest producers |
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Term
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Definition
OCEAN FLOOR
organisms in bz depend on food from organisms that grow in the photic zone (producers)
clams, sea cucumbers |
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