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| Reproduction in living things is either ___ or ____. |
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| Sexual reproduction occurs when a ____ from the male fuses with an ____ from the female. |
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| a reproductive cell that can fuse with another to form a zygote; also known as sex cells |
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| _____ involves contributions from two individuals (parents) to make a new individual (offspring) |
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| _____ is a type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes. |
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| ______ is when a single organism reproduces to make an exact copy of itself. |
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| A fertilized egg is called a ___. |
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| DNA in cells can be wound up into dense structures, or ____. |
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| Each chromosome is a single, long strand of DNA wrapped around proteins-- segments of this strand are called ____. |
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| A ___ is a segment of a DNA strand that tells the cell to make a specific protein or part of a protein. |
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True or False?
Each species of living things has a certain number of chromosomes in its body cells. |
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| In most organisms, the nuclei of the body cells contain ___ complete sets of chromosomes. |
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| Humans have __ chromosomes (2 sets of 23) |
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| Gametes have ___ the number of chromosomes as body cells. |
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| The number of chromosomes in each body cell of an organism is the ___ number. |
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| The number of chromosomes in each gamete of an organism is the ____ number. |
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| Human beings have a diploid number of ___ and a haploid number of ___. |
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| ___ makes sure all your body cells have 46 chromosomes. ____ ensures each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes normally found in body cells. |
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| Asexual reproduction takes place ___ the fusion of gametes, and sexual reproduction takes place ___ the fusion of gamete. |
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Definition
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| Robert Hooke discovered cells in __ |
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| he The combined process of breaking down molecules and making new ones is called ____. |
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| Within the boundaries of the cell membrane is a fluid environment where many metabolic processes take place, called ___. |
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| The ___ is everything, except for the nucleus, that is contained within the cell membrane; it includes the organelles and the cytosol. |
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Definition
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| The ____ is a network of membranes in a eukaryotic cell, some with ribosomes attached, that is interconnected with the outer nuclear membrane. |
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| a cell that has a nucleus, multiple chromosomes, and membrane-bound organelles |
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| organelles that are the sites of cellular respiration |
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Definition
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| a cell structure that contains DNA and controls the functions of the cell |
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Definition
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| a differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function |
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Definition
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| a cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
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Definition
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| small organelles, made of RNA and protein; sites of protein synthesis |
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| the membrane surrounding the cell; composed of a bilayer of phospholipids |
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Definition
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| a rigid structure surrounding a cell, outside the cell membrane, that gives the cell support and shape |
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| a membrane-bound compartment in a plant cell that helps regulate the water content of the cell, store waste material, and support the cell through internal pressure |
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Definition
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| a molecule in plants that plays a key role in photosynthesis |
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Definition
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| the organelles responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthetic organisms; contain chlorophyll |
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| a membranous organelle of a eukaryotic cell, which manufactures or modifies, packages, sorts, and transports molecules of the cell |
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| membrane-bound organelles, usually spherical, that contain enzymes to break down molecules in eukaryotic cells |
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| a region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced |
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Definition
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| Only ___ cells contain organelles. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ are the site of cellular respiration (glucose to ATP); have an inner membrane and an outer membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most ribosomes are located on the _____. |
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Definition
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| The ____ is a series of membranes that contain enzymes that can alter the structure of molecules such as drugs and pesticides. |
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Definition
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| the ____ receives products of the ER (mostly proteins), sorts their contents, modifies them, and distributes them throughout the cell |
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Definition
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| The ___ contains many types of digestive enzymes that break down large organic molecules (such as proteins, fats, and other organelles in the cell) |
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Definition
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| Prokaryotes are divided into two broad categories of life called domains: ___ and ___ |
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| ___ can live in extreme habitats. |
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Definition
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| The ___ has the ability to maintain environmental conditions within in the cell, despite changes in the surrounding environment |
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Definition
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| Cell membranes are composed of ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| molecules made of a fatty acid chain topped with a structure called a phosphate group |
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Definition
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Term
| molecules made of a fatty acid chain topped with a structure called a phosphate group |
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Definition
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Term
| Because phospholipid's arrangements, a chemical charge is produced-- ___ region at the phosphate head, and a noncharged ___ region along the tail |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells are organized into ___, which are organized into organs which are organized into _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| the theory that states that the cell is the basic unit of life and that cells come only from existing cells |
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Definition
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| The ____ is the site of most protein synthesis. |
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Definition
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| ___ can live in extreme habitats. |
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Definition
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| The key to homeostasis is the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell membranes are composed of materials called ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| a cell membrane is made up of how many layers of phospholipids? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
The hydrophobic tails point in toward one another and the hydrophilic heads point out-- this arrangement permits both surfaces of a cell membrane to interact with water and other charged or polar molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell membranes are constantly changing and they need to ____ to function properly. |
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Definition
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| All cell membranes contain ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| a structure that surrounds and supports cells-- it is made primarily of specialized proteins that provide structure and support to the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ allows a cell to interact with other cells and regulate its internal environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell membranes contain ___ and ___. |
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Definition
| proteins and carbohydrates |
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Term
| Movement across a cell membrane that does not require additional energy from the cell is called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is diffusion active or passive transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| The difference in concentration of a material is called a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is where molecules or particles move from areas where they are more concentrated to areas where they are less concentrated |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules diffuse down a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
Diffusion cannot take place freely or across a cell membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Energy is required for particles to move __ the concentration gradient from a lower to a higher concentration. |
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Definition
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| Random motions leads to ____. |
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Definition
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| the process that relies on proteins but doesn't require any energy from the cell |
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Definition
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