Details Title: (Biology) Final Exam Review Description: N/A Total Flash Cards: 58 Created: 05/17/2009 14:35:44		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Biology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Homologous Structures Definition animal structures with a common structural them. (forlegs, wings, flippers) Term Organic molecules Definition molecules, in living things, which contain carbon. Term Carbohydrates Definition used for energy storage(glucose and/or starch) Term Proteins Definition used as enzymes, hormones & structural molecules; made of chains of amino acids. Term Lipids Definition used as energy storage, and as hormones (fats, oils, wax) Term Nucleic Acids Definition the genetic material of the cell (DNA & RNA) Term Cytology Definition study of cells Term Cell Theory Definition All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of life. All cells come from preexisting cells. Term Cell membrance Definition composed of fluid-like phospholipid bilayer. Term Cell Wall Definition outside of cell membrane in some organisms. Composed of carbohydrate. Term Cytoplasm Definition material outside the nucleus Term Eukaryotic cells Definition complex cellular organization, larger than prokaryotics, and have membrane bound organelles. Term Prokaryotic cells Definition bacterica; simpler cellular organization with no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles (no ribosomes) Term Metabolism Definition series of chemical reactions involved in storing or releasing energy, much of this through the use of enzymes. Term Adensosine triphosphate (ATP) Definition a high-energy molecule that is used by cells. Energy is released by the breaking phosphate bonds in______. Term Photosynthesis Definition sunlight energy is captured by chlorohyll and converted into sugars (glucose).     Term Ecology Definition study of the interactions among organisms in ecosystems. Term Adaptation Definition inherited characteristics (enhance an organism's survival & in its environment.) Term Behavior Definition what an animal does and how it does it. Term Clavin Cycle Definition Takes place in stroma Use ATp & NADPH to convert CO2 to the sugar G3P. Returns ADP & NADP+ to light rxn. Term Cell Respiration Definition gluscose is broken down in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, and cytoplasm of prokaryotes, to produce ATP. Term Passive Transport Definition no energy to move substances. Term Osmosis Definition diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane (high to low concentration) Term Diffusion Definition movement from an area of high to low concentration. Term Active Transport Definition energy (ATP) is used to move substances from low to high concentration (moves against concentration gradient) Term Mitosis Definition division of nuclear material Term phases of Cell Cycle Definition Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Term Meiosis Definition reduces chromosome # by half and results in new genetic combinations in gametes.   To insure proper chromosomal # in the zygote (fertilized egg) Term Binary Fission Definition bacterial cell division Term Gregor Mendel Definition discovered basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in planned experiments. Term Law of Segregation Definition two alleles for a character are packaged into separate gametes. (Developed by Mendel) Term Multiple Alleles Definition more than two alleles for a gene are found with a population. (blood type) Term Sex-linked traits Definition genes located on the sex chromosomes. Term List 4 nitrogen bases in DNA Definition Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Term RNA consists of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and                   Definition Uracil Term Uracil replaces                in RNA Definition Thymine Term List the 3 types of RNA Definition mRNA (messenger RNA) tRNA (transfer RNA) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) Term List the Functions mRNA tRNA rRNA Definition mRNA-contains instructions for building proteins   tRNA-connects amino acids together during translation.   rRNA-makes up a ribosome Term Replication Definition DNA is copied from other DNA... Term Nondisjunction Definition an accident of meiosis or mitosis, in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to move apart properly. Term Transcription Definition mRNA is copied from DNA, by unzipping a portion of the DNA. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides of RNA with the proper bases.   (Adenine with Uracil & Cytosine with Guanine) Term Translation Definition proteins are synthesized from mRNA by ribosomes and instruct tRNA to bring specific amino acids. Term Mutation Definition any random, permanent change in the Dna molecule. Term List the Levels of Classification Definition 1 Domain                                       5  Order 2 Kingdom                                     6  Family 3 Phylum                                       7  Genus 4 Class                                          8  Species Term Producers Definition produce their own food through photosynthesis or through chemosynthesis. (Autotrophs) Term Consumers Definition eact material that is made by producers, or other consumers. (heterotrophs) Term Decomposers Definition break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil. Term Food Chain Definition smaller organisms are eaten by larger organisms, who in turn are eaten by even larger organisms.   (grass>mouse>snake>hawk) Term Food Web Definition a more accurate view that accounts for the fact that many organisms will eat a large variety of other organisms forming an interconnected web.   (intertwined food chains) Term Populations Definition all of the organisms of a single species in a given area. Term Community Definition all of the organisms of all the different species in a given area. Term Ecosystem Definition All of living and non-living things in a given area. Term Predation Definition an iteraction between species in which one species, the predator, eats the other, the prey. Term Parasitism Definition a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont or parasite benefits at the expense of the host. Term Commensalism Definition symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the host is neither helped or harmed. Term Mutualism Definition a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Term Epidermis Definition outer layer of flattened cells that secrete protective waxy layer (cuticle) Term Viruses Definition a genome enclosed in a protective coat can only reproduce with a host cell viruses are found in many different shapes & evolve easily.