Shared Flashcard Set

Details

(Biology) Final Exam Review
N/A
58
Biology
9th Grade
05/17/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Homologous Structures

Definition

animal structures with a common structural them. (forlegs, wings, flippers)

Term
Organic molecules
Definition

molecules, in living things, which contain carbon.

Term
Carbohydrates
Definition

used for energy storage(glucose and/or starch)

Term
Proteins
Definition

used as enzymes, hormones & structural molecules; made of chains of amino acids.

Term
Lipids
Definition

used as energy storage, and as hormones (fats, oils, wax)

Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition

the genetic material of the cell (DNA & RNA)

Term
Cytology
Definition

study of cells

Term
Cell Theory
Definition
  • All living things are composed of cells.
  • Cells are the basic unit of life.
  • All cells come from preexisting cells.
Term
Cell membrance
Definition

composed of fluid-like phospholipid bilayer.

Term
Cell Wall
Definition

outside of cell membrane in some organisms. Composed of carbohydrate.

Term
Cytoplasm
Definition

material outside the nucleus

Term
Eukaryotic cells
Definition

complex cellular organization, larger than prokaryotics, and have membrane bound organelles.

Term
Prokaryotic cells
Definition

bacterica; simpler cellular organization with no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles (no ribosomes)

Term
Metabolism
Definition

series of chemical reactions involved in storing or releasing energy, much of this through the use of enzymes.

Term
Adensosine triphosphate (ATP)
Definition

a high-energy molecule that is used by cells. Energy is released by the breaking phosphate bonds in______.

Term
Photosynthesis
Definition

sunlight energy is captured by chlorohyll and converted into sugars (glucose).

 

 

Term
Ecology
Definition
study of the interactions among organisms in ecosystems.
Term
Adaptation
Definition

inherited characteristics (enhance an organism's survival & in its environment.)

Term
Behavior
Definition

what an animal does and how it does it.

Term
Clavin Cycle
Definition
  1. Takes place in stroma
  2. Use ATp & NADPH to convert CO2 to the sugar G3P.
  3. Returns ADP & NADP+ to light rxn.
Term
Cell Respiration
Definition
gluscose is broken down in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, and cytoplasm of prokaryotes, to produce ATP.
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
no energy to move substances.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane (high to low concentration)
Term
Diffusion
Definition
movement from an area of high to low concentration.
Term
Active Transport
Definition

energy (ATP) is used to move substances from low to high concentration

(moves against concentration gradient)

Term
Mitosis
Definition
division of nuclear material
Term
phases of Cell Cycle
Definition
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
  6. Cytokinesis
Term
Meiosis
Definition

reduces chromosome # by half and results in new genetic combinations in gametes.

 

To insure proper chromosomal # in the zygote (fertilized egg)

Term
Binary Fission
Definition
bacterial cell division
Term
Gregor Mendel
Definition
discovered basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in planned experiments.
Term
Law of Segregation
Definition

two alleles for a character are packaged into separate gametes.

(Developed by Mendel)

Term
Multiple Alleles
Definition

more than two alleles for a gene are found with a population.

(blood type)

Term
Sex-linked traits
Definition
genes located on the sex chromosomes.
Term
List 4 nitrogen bases in DNA
Definition
  • Adenine
  • Thymine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
Term

RNA consists of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and

                 

Definition
Uracil
Term
Uracil replaces                in RNA
Definition
Thymine
Term
List the 3 types of RNA
Definition
  • mRNA (messenger RNA)
  • tRNA (transfer RNA)
  • rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Term

List the Functions

  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
Definition

mRNA-contains instructions for building proteins

 

tRNA-connects amino acids together during translation.

 

rRNA-makes up a ribosome

Term
Replication
Definition
DNA is copied from other DNA...
Term
Nondisjunction
Definition

an accident of meiosis or mitosis, in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to move apart properly.

Term
Transcription
Definition

mRNA is copied from DNA, by unzipping a portion of the DNA. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides of RNA with the proper bases.

 

(Adenine with Uracil & Cytosine with Guanine)

Term
Translation
Definition
proteins are synthesized from mRNA by ribosomes and instruct tRNA to bring specific amino acids.
Term
Mutation
Definition
any random, permanent change in the Dna molecule.
Term
List the Levels of Classification
Definition

1 Domain                                       5  Order

2 Kingdom                                     6  Family

3 Phylum                                       7  Genus

4 Class                                          8  Species

Term
Producers
Definition

produce their own food through photosynthesis or through chemosynthesis.

(Autotrophs)

Term
Consumers
Definition
eact material that is made by producers, or other consumers. (heterotrophs)
Term
Decomposers
Definition
break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil.
Term
Food Chain
Definition

smaller organisms are eaten by larger organisms, who in turn are eaten by even larger organisms.

 

(grass>mouse>snake>hawk)

Term
Food Web
Definition

a more accurate view that accounts for the fact that many organisms will eat a large variety of other organisms forming an interconnected web.

 

(intertwined food chains)

Term
Populations
Definition
all of the organisms of a single species in a given area.
Term
Community
Definition
all of the organisms of all the different species in a given area.
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
All of living and non-living things in a given area.
Term
Predation
Definition
an iteraction between species in which one species, the predator, eats the other, the prey.
Term
Parasitism
Definition
a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont or parasite benefits at the expense of the host.
Term
Commensalism
Definition
symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the host is neither helped or harmed.
Term
Mutualism
Definition
a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.
Term
Epidermis
Definition
outer layer of flattened cells that secrete protective waxy layer (cuticle)
Term
Viruses
Definition
  • a genome enclosed in a protective coat
  • can only reproduce with a host cell
  • viruses are found in many different shapes & evolve easily.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!