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Biology
General biology information, definitions, and systems taken from notes in Dr. Nancy Lee's class at Gadsden State Community College
35
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/16/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Atom

Definition

 

 

the smallest unit of matter

Term

 

 

Molecule

Definition

 

 

2 or more atoms 

(ex. O2, H2O)

Term

 

 

Macromolecules

Definition

 

 

2 or more molecules

 

(ex. C6, H12, O6, glucose)

Term

 

 

Cell

Definition

   “the first biotic (living) factor” made up of 3 Abiotic factors:

-           72% H20, molecule

-          29% compounds, macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid)

-          1% trace minerals, atoms 

Term

 

 

Tissues 

Definition

 

 

made up of different types of cells

(ex. Muscle cells, blood cells, etc.)

Term

 

 

Organ

Definition

 

 

made up of different types of tissues

(ex. the heart)

Term

 

 

Organ system 

Definition

 

 

made up of various organs

(ex. the digestive system)

Term

 

 

Organism

Definition

 

 

 

made up of the various organ systems 

Term

 


Population

Definition

 

 

 

the same type of organisms in a given area

Term

 

 

Community 

Definition

 

 

various populations within a given area

Term

 

 

Ecosystem 

Definition

 

 

made up of communities and the environment (how the populations and communities interact/respond with the environment

Term

 

 

Biosphere

Definition

 

 

all the earth and the atmosphere

(all biotic and abiotic factors)

Term

Characteristics of living things


 

Order

Definition

 

 

all [living] things move from the

atom – cell – organism

Term

Characteristics of living things

 


 

 

All living things must...

Definition

 

  • Acquire materials (food) to provide energy
  • Have a metabolism
  • Achieve homeostasis
  • Have a response to a stimulus
  • Reproduce and Develop
  • Adapt through descent with modification: change to suit the environment

 

Term

Characteristics of living things

 


 

Metabolism

and Homeostasis

Definition

 

  1. total chemical reactions in the body
  2. keeping the body “in balance”

 

Term

 

 

The Scientific Method

Definition

  1. Problem Statement
  2. Gather information
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Collect and analyze data
  6. Conclusion
  7. Theory

Term

 

 

Inductive Reasoning

Definition

 

 

look at specific events to build up to a cohesive whole; an hypothesis (small picture to big picture).

Term

 

 

Deductive Reasoning

Definition

 

 

[“If, then”] take a whole and deduce it into specific events (opposite of inductive, big picture to small picture).

Term

 

 

Theory

Definition

 

an idea or concept that has been time tested (empirical data), and is accepted as true (not proven, but also not disproved). A theory does not have to be “proved,” but only disproved.

Term

 

 

Atom Particles

Definition

 

 

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Term

 

 

Isotope

Definition

 


atoms of the same element, but with a different number of neutrons

Term

 

 

The Octet Rule

Definition

 

 

states that the first energy level is stable at 2 and the valence must have 8 electrons to be stable

Term

 

 

Free Radical

Definition

 

 

unpaired electron

Term

 

 

Ion

Definition

 

 

an atom that carries a charge

(by losing or adding an electron)

Term

 

 

Ionic Bonding

Definition

 

 

    when an atom(s) is negatively charged and bonded to an atom that is positively charged

Term

 

 

Oxidation

Definition

 

 

to lose an electron and become positively charged

Term

 

 

Reduction

Definition

 

 

to gain an electron and become negatively charged

Term

 

 

Cation

Definition

 

 

an ion with a positive charge

Term

 

 

Anion

Definition

 

 

 an ion with a negative charge

Term

 

 

Covalent Bonding

Definition

 

 

 

electrons are shared so that the atoms will become stable and follow the Octet Rule

Term

Covalent Bonding


Single Bond

Double Bond

Triple Bond

Definition

  1. one pair of shared electrons
  2. two pairs of shared electrons
  3. three pairs of shared electrons

Term

 

 

Electronegative

Definition

 

 

an atom that has the ability to draw the electrons from another nucleus

Term

 

 

Cohesion

Definition

 

 

attraction of water molecules to other water molecules

Term

 

 

Adhesion

Definition

 

 

of different molecules to one another

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