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Biology
Chapter 5
29
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/02/2014

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Term
Macromolecules
Definition
Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
Term
Polymer
Definition
Long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked
Term
Monomers
Definition
Building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions
Term
Dehydration Reaction
Definition
Monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other, with the lose of a water molecule
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
Polymers are disassembled by monomers , reverse of dehydration
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Sugars and polymers of sugar
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
Single strand
Term
Disaccharide
Definition
Two monosaccharide's
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
Polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharide
Term
Starch
Definition
Polymer of glucose monomers
Term
Amylose
Definition
Single strand polymer of glucose
Term
Amylopetcin
Definition
Slight branching polymer of glucose
Term
Glycogen
Definition
Lots of branching polymer of glucose
Term
Peptides
Definition
Short strands of amino acids
Term
Cellulose
Definition
polysaccharide of glucose
Term
Alpha Glucose
Definition
One side
Term
Beta Glucose
Definition
Alternating sides
Term
Lipids
Definition
Mix poorly with water, hydrophobic
Term
Triacylglycerol
Definition
Consists of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule
Term
Phospholipids
Definition
Make up cell membranes
Term
Polypeptides
Definition
Polymers of amino acids
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
Organic molecule possessing both an amino group and carboxyl group
Term
Primary Structure
Definition
Linear chain of amino acids
Term
Secondary Structure
Definition
Shapes forming, helix and pleated
Term
Tertiary Structure
Definition
How R groups react, bonding, and holding together
Term
Quaternary Structure
Definition
Two or more polypeptides
Term
Denaturation
Definition
Protein may be destroyed causing it to unravel
Term
Chaperonion
Definition
Protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins
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