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Energy cannot what ______ and does what ________. |
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"destroyed" or "created" and disperses spontaneously. |
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- becomes less ordered over time
- Transfers are not perfectly efficient
- flows in one direction
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potential energy that is stored in covalent bonds. |
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) |
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- "Energetic currency of the cell"
- lots of Energy is stored between the 2nd and 3rd P.
- when that bond breaks, energy is released. Also used for cellular work. |
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| a type of protein that act as biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions)....(reduce activation energy)....(make is easier for reaction to occur) |
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all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
- almost all require enzymes.
- ezymes are specific. |
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Each Enzymes works on one specific what? |
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Substrate (Ex. Hydrogen Peroxide) |
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| part of enzyme where substrate fits. |
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| Products are released from the active site & the enzyme can be what? |
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| Enzymes are named after their what? |
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| substrate or function. w/ -ase at the end. |
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| blocks enzyme functioning (not permanent) |
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| Competitive Inhibitor (substrate imposter) |
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| fits into active site so substrate can't bind. |
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Non-Competitive Inhibitor
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| -binds to another location on the enzyme, (does not bind to active site) changes shape of active site. |
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| Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. |
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substances more in or out of the cell; no energy is expanded by the cell.
- depends on the Brownian Movement. |
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| substances move from areas of high concentration to low concentration. |
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diffusion through a channel; used for molecules that are bigger or hydrophilic. |
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diffusion of H2O.
Hypotonic: Less Molecules
Hypertonic: More Molecules
Isotonic: Dynamic Equilibrium |
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| uses energy to move something. |
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against diffusion.
Solute is moved from high to low area of concentration; uses a channel that acts as a pump. |
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| moves big things. (don't fit through a channel) |
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