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Biology
Biological Molecules
25
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/24/2012

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Cards

Term
Name the compounds Carbohydrates are composed of
Definition
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen 
  • Oxygen
Term
What is a Mono-Saccharide?
Definition
A Simple Sugar
Term
What is the general Formula of Monosaccharides?
Definition
(CH2O)n
Term

What does each n= stand for?

  • N=3?
  • N=4?
  • N=5?
  • N=6?
  • N=7?
Definition
  • Triose
  • Tetrose
  • Pentose
  • Hexose
  • Heptose
Term
What is a Pentose sugar involved in?
Definition

Ribose in RNA and ATP

Deoxyribose in DNA

Term
What is the formula for Glucose and Fructose?
Definition
C6H12O6
Term

3 Types of Hexoses:

  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
Definition

Name the functions of each Hexose

 

  1. Glucose -> main energy source
  2. Fructose -> sweet sugar found in fruit
  3. Galactose -> found in milk, joins with sugar to form sugar lactose.
Term

Glucose is a structural isomer.

What is meant by structural isomer?

Definition
It has the same molecular formula but with a different structure.
Term
What is a Disaccharide?
Definition
when two monosaccharides join together, via a condensation reaction, held together by  glycosidic bonds. 
Term
on what carbon molecules does the glycosidic bond form?
Definition
It forms between carbon 1 and 4, giving a 1,4 glycosidic bond.
Term
Test for Carbohydrates if there is a reducing sugar, eg. mono/disaccharide,lactose and maltose.
Definition

1. Add Benedicts slt

2. Heat

Term

Testing for Carbohydrates with a non-reducing sugar.

 

 

Definition

1. heat

2. add dilute HCL to hydrolyse

3. cool

4. neutralise with NaOH

5.Add Benedicts

 

Colour change - Blue - green - yellow - brown - red 

 

Term
Glucose+Glucose = 
Definition
Maltose 
Term
Glucose+Fructose=
Definition
Sucrose
Term
Glucose+Galactose=
Definition
Lactose
Term
What is a polysaccharide?
Definition
a long carbohydrate of repeated monomers joined by glycosidic bonds
Term

Starch:

what monomer is it made of ?

Definition
Alpha glucose
Term

Starch

AMYLOSE:

Name the structure and function

Definition
  • made of alpha glucose
  • joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds, which form a helix
  • Insoluble
  • Compact
  • Easily Hydrolysed
Term

Starch:

Amylopectin

 

Name the structure and function of Amylopectin

Definition
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds with 1,6 linkages
  • structural component in cell walls
  • insoluble
  • easily hydrolysed
  • compact
Term

Glycogen

Name the structure and function of Glycogen

 

Definition
  • made of alpha glucose
  • contains 1,6 glycosidic bonds forming branched chains
  • found in liver and muscles 
  • easily hydrolysed for Resp
  • Storage in Animals
Term
Describe the structure and function of Cellulose
Definition
  • Made of Beta Glucose
  • long unbranched straight chains of B glucose
  • forms long strong microfibrils
  • storage in plants
  • Compact
  • Easily Hydrolysed
  • insoluble
Term
What elements are lipids composed of?
Definition
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
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