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Biology Vocabulary Chapter 1
Modern Biology Holt Rinehart and Winston
45
Biology
9th Grade
09/03/2010

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Term
biology
Definition
The study of life
Term
organization
Definition
the high degree of order within an organism's internal and external parts and its interactions with the living world
Term
cell
Definition
in biology , the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; Cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm
Term
unicellular
Definition
describes an organism that consists of a single cell
Term
multicellular
Definition
describes a tissue, organ, or organism that is made of many cells
Term
organ
Definition
a collection of cells that carry out a specialized function in the body
Term
tissue
Definition
a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function
Term
organelle
Definition
one of the small bodies found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
Term
biological molecule
Definition
chemical compound that provides physical structure and brings about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the steady-state physiological condition of the body
Term
metabolism
Definition
the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism
Term
cell division
Definition
the formation of two cells from one existing cell
Term
development
Definition
the gene-directed process of which an organism matures
Term
reproduction
Definition
the process of producing offspring
Term
gene
Definition
a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait
Term
domain
Definition
in a modern taxonomic system , the broadest category ; the category that contains kingdoms
Term
kingdom
Definition
in a traditional taxonomic system, the highest taxonomic category, which contains a group of similar phyla
Term
ecology
Definition
the study of the interactions between organisms and the other living and nonliving components of their environment
Term
ecosystem
Definition
a community of organisms and their abiotic environment
Term
evolution
Definition
a heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next; the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time
Term
natural selection
Definition
the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution
Term
adaption
Definition
the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral trait that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
Term
scientific methods
Definition
the series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions
Term
observation
Definition
the process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using the senses
Term
hypothesis
Definition
in science, an idea or explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested
Term
prediction
Definition
a statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis supported; the expected outcome if a hypothesis is accurate
Term
experiment
Definition
a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth
Term
control group
Definition
in an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor
Term
experimental group
Definition
in an experiment, a group that is identical to a control group except for one factor and is compared with the control group
Term
independent variable
Definition
in an experiment, the factor that is deliberately manipulated, also called the manipulated variable
Term
dependent variable
Definition
in an experiment, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more other factors; also called a responding variable
Term
theory
Definition
an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning; that is supported by a large quantity of evidence; and that does not conflict with any existing experimental results or observations
Term
peer review
Definition
the process in which experts in a given field examine the results and conclusions of a scientist's study before that study is accepted for publication
Term
compound light microscope
Definition
a microscope that uses light to illuminate a specimen that is then magnified by two lenses
Term
eyepiece (ocular lens)
Definition
the part of a compound light microscope that magnifies an image, usually 10 times
Term
objective lens
Definition
the part of a compound light microscope that is located directly above the specimen and that magnifies the image of the specimen
Term
stage
Definition
a platform of a compound light microscope that supports the slide holding the specimen
Term
light source
Definition
a light bulb that provides light for viewing the image. it can be either light reflected with a mirror or an incandescent light from a small lamp
Term
magnification
Definition
the increase of an objects apparent size by using lenses or mirrors
Term
nosepiece
Definition
the part of a compound light microscope that holds the objective lenses in place above the specimen
Term
resolution
Definition
in microscopes, the ability to form images with fine detail
Term
scanning electron microscope
Definition
a microscope that produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light
Term
transmission electron microscope
Definition
a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen and that can magnify up to 200,000 times
Term
metric system
Definition
a decimal-based standard system of measurement that is used by scientists; similar to the Systeme Internationale
Term
base unit
Definition
one of the fundamental units of measurement that describes length, mass, time, and other quantities and from which other units are derived
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