Term
| What are the top 6 elements of life? |
|
Definition
sulfur
phosphorous
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen |
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|
Term
| What are the main purposes for sulfur in organisms? |
|
Definition
construct amino acids
tissue growth
central nervous system function |
|
|
Term
| What are the main purposes for phosphorous in organisms? |
|
Definition
construct nucleic acids
construct ATP
cell membranes (phospholipid bilayer)
strong teeth and bones |
|
|
Term
| What are the main purposes for oxygen in organisms? |
|
Definition
makes of 65% of mass
construct water (most common compound)
construct organic compounds
aerobic respiration
construct ATP |
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|
Term
| What are the main purposes for nitrogen in organisms? |
|
Definition
construct amino acids
construct nucleic acids
construct ATP
form structure
drive reactions
produce hormones |
|
|
Term
| What are the main purposes for carbon in organisms? |
|
Definition
in all organic compounds
can form long stable chains "backbone/framework"
construct ATP |
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|
Term
| What are the main purposes for hydrogen in organisms? |
|
Definition
construct water (most common compound)
most numerous atom
construct organic compounds
construct ATP |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 trace elements? |
|
Definition
iron
calcium
sodium
potassium |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose of iron in organisms? |
|
Definition
| form hemoglobin which carries oxygen through blood vessels all over the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purposes for calcium in organisms? |
|
Definition
allows for bone cell and tooth formation
needed for proper blood clotting
needed for muscle contractions |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purposes for sodium and potassium in organisms? |
|
Definition
proper nervous system function
allows muscles to contract properly |
|
|
Term
| What is an inorganic compound? |
|
Definition
| a compound that lacks carbon atoms that are bonded to hydrogen atoms |
|
|
Term
| What is an organic compound? |
|
Definition
| a compound that contains carbon atoms that are bonded to hydrogen atoms |
|
|
Term
| What are some importances of water? |
|
Definition
necessary for life
ice floats
breakdown pieces to move in/out of cell
maintain body temperature
maintain weather temperature
insect skate (water spiders)
movement in plants |
|
|
Term
| What are 7 properties of water? |
|
Definition
polar
excellent solvent
high heat capacity
adhesive
cohesive
surface tension
capillary action |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of water being polar? |
|
Definition
hydrogen bonding
causes cohesion
naturally occurs in 3 states |
|
|
Term
| What kind of molecules are hydrophilic? |
|
Definition
ionic compounds
polar molecules |
|
|
Term
| What kind of molecules are hydrophobic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the substance being dissolved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the substance doing the dissolving |
|
|
Term
| Which liquid has the highest specific heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is water's specific heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What property of water is responsible for causing substance to "get wet"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What property of water is responsible for forming the drop shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 properties of water responsible for carrying water through the xylem of plants? |
|
Definition
capillary action
adhesion
cohesion |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 major types of organic compounds? |
|
Definition
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
ATP |
|
|
Term
| What is the element ratio associated with carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the element ratio associated with lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides |
|
|
Term
| What is the suffix that indicates that the word describes a sugar/carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the suffix that indicates that the word describes an enzyme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common polysaccharide used for storage in plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common polysaccharide used for storage in animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common polysaccharide found in cell walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common polysaccharide found in fungi cell walls and arthropod exoskeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 types of lipids? |
|
Definition
fats
triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids |
|
|
Term
| What are the purposes of fats? |
|
Definition
store energy
cushion bones and organs
insulation |
|
|
Term
| What are the components that make up triglycerides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some properties of saturated fats? |
|
Definition
single bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms
solid at room temperature
cause clogged arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are some properties of unsaturated fats? |
|
Definition
double bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms
liquid at room temperature
healthy in moderation |
|
|
Term
| What are the components that make up phospholipids? |
|
Definition
2 fatty acids
glycerol
phosphate group |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of steroids? |
|
Definition
chemical messengers
regulate functions of organs |
|
|
Term
| What are the main functions of proteins? |
|
Definition
build structure
create traits
transport materials
catalyst in chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
| What is protein's monomer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What links amino acids together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do linked amino acids create? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 6 types of proteins? |
|
Definition
enzymes
antibodies
hormones
hemoglobin
actin/myosin
collagen/keratin |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What monomers make up nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What monomers make up ATP |
|
Definition
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