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Bryophytes What do the small, leaf-like structures lack? |
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Bryophytes Are bryophtes small or large? Are bryophytes simple or complex? |
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Bryophytes Where do bryophytes grow? |
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Definitions Vascular plants |
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| openings in leaves where gas exchange occurs |
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non-vascular plants such as liverwort and hornwort |
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| Bryophytes In the life cycle, what do generations do? |
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| Bryophytes What are the sex organs? |
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Female gametangium = archegonium Male gametangium = antheridium |
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| Vascular plants What are the two major types of vascular plants? |
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Definition
Seedless plants and seed plants |
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| Vascular plants What is an example of a seedless and a seed plant? |
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| Seedless-fern Seed-pinecone |
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| Vascular plants In seed plants, what are the two ways seeds are formed? |
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Definition
| Gymnosperms and angiosperms |
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| Vascular plants What are four evolutionary developments in vascular plants? |
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Definition
| Roots, leaves, xylem, and phloem |
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Roots anchor plants and absorb water |
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Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves |
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| the seed coat protects the embryo until conditions for growth are favorable |
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Vascular plants In the seed, what is the embryo contained in? |
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| Vascular plants In the seed, what is the embryo contained in? |
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Vascular plants SEED PLANTS What is the largest division of gymnosperms and what are 3 examples? |
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Largest division = conifers Examples = pine, fir, spruce |
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"naked seed plant" seed is not enclosed in protective tissue |
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Vascular plant SEED PLANT What are the two distinguishing patterns in angiosperms? |
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| flowering plants--have flowers and fruit |
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| unites sperm with egg (in angiosperm) |
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| used for dispersing seeds (in angiosperms) |
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Vascular plants How are angiosperms pollinated and which way is more efficient? |
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insects and wind insect pollination is more effective |
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Vascular plants What are two evolutions in the fruits of angiosperms? Name 3 examples |
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Definition
evolution of toxic compounds nicotine, caffeine, cocaine |
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What is above the root? What is below the root? |
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Above = root Below = shoot |
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Ch 39 Primary growth--what 4 things happen? |
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-differentiation of 3 tissue layers -elongation of roots and stems -formation of lateral roots and aerial branches -origin of apical meristem |
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Ch 39 How long does primary growth occur? |
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| Grows through entire life span |
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| Roots anchor plants and absorb water and minerals |
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Ch 39 What are the two main divisions? |
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Ch 39 What are the four sets of floral parts used in sexual reproduction? |
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-Sepals -Petals -Stamen -Carpel (pistol) |
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Ch 39 What are the parts of a sepal collectively called? |
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| enclose and protect the other flower parts in a developing bud |
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Ch 39 What are the petals collectively called? |
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Definitions What do the petals do? |
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Ch 39 What are the stamens composed of? |
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anthers and filaments anthers contain pollen |
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Ch 39 What is the carpel also called? |
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pistol -carpel can be single or multiple carpels can be seperate or fused- |
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Ch 39 What is the carpel composed of? |
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Definition
stigma, style, and ovary ovary contains ovules which has embryo sac which is the female gametophyte |
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Definitions Epidermis (of roots) |
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protects vascular tissue -cuticle is absent or very thin- -root hairs- |
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Ch 39 What is the cortex composed of? |
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| paranchyma cells and endodermis |
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Stems What are the three types of tissues in stems? |
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| Dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue |
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Ch 39 What does the vascular cylinder have? |
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Definition
xylem + phloem pith in monocots pericle gives rise to branch roots |
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Stems What is in the dermal itssue of a stem? |
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Definition
| epidermis, cuticle, stomata |
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Stems Out of the three types of tissue found in stems, which makes up the bulk in young stems? |
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Definition
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Stems What are the three types of cells in ground tissue, and which is the main type? |
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Definition
paranchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma paranchyma is the main type |
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Stems Collenchyma + Schlerenchyma-- which is primary wall and which is secondary wall? |
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collenchyma--primary schlerenchyma--secondary (think c comes before s in the alphabet) schlerenchyma = 2 types |
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Biennials How many seasons does the cycle take? |
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2 seasons -roots, short system, + rosettes of leaves are in first season -flowers, fruits, and seeds in second |
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Stems Sieve-tube members in phloem What do sieve-tube members do and how are they arranged? |
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| Sieve-tube members transport sugars and are arranged into sieve-tubes |
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Perennials How often do perennials persist? |
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persist year after year remain dormant underground |
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Perennials What kinds of adaptations do perennials make during periods of unfavorable growth? List examples |
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deciduous trees drop leaves ex: shrubs, dicot vines cacti, gynosperms undergo chemical changes also, in response to light and temp changes |
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Ch 35 What are the three main cells and tissues in a plant body? |
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| primary meristems, tissue systems, paranchyma cells |
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Ch 35 What are the three types of tissues and what are their purposes? |
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vascular tissue- has xylem + phloem ground tissue- surrounds vascular tissue dermal tissue- outer protective covering |
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Ch 35 What is the importance of paranchyma cells? |
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in all three layers performs photosynthesis performs respiration stores food and water |
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Leaves leaf structure- mesophyll epidermis and cuticle vascular bundles + veins guard cells |
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Leaves Mesophyll "middle leaf" -palisade parenchyma -spongy parenchyma (under palisade parenchyma) |
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Leaves epidermis--surrounds mesophyll what is the cuticle secreted by? |
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Leaves What do guard cells do? |
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Leaves What are some leaf adaptations? |
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-spines -succulent--for water storage -tendrils-for climbing plants |
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Flower Some flowers are either male or female "monoecious"-one house ex: flowers, 1 tree "diecious"-two houses ex: seperate trees |
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Flowers ovule-->seed ovary-->fruit |
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Flower What is a pollen grain and what does it represent? |
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2 sperm cells and one tube cell a much reduced gametophyte |
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