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| a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
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| a form or version of something that differs in some respect from other forms of the same thing or from a standard |
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| one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome |
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| the genetic constitution of an individual organism |
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| the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
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| an individual having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offspring |
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| an individual having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes and so breeding true for the corresponding characteristic |
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| a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes |
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| a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth |
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| the production by a single gene of two or more apparently unrelated effects. |
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| a gene has two alleles, whic may encode variant forms of that protein reulting in different phenotypes. when the two different alleles are present, only one phenotype will appear |
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| relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent |
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| carried by a sex chromosome |
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| the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution |
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| a gene has two or more alleles, and the henotype is the result of the interaction of the variant products of both alleles. the phenotype may appear as a blending of the two products although the alleles continue to separate independently |
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| a gene has two alleles, and the phenotype is the result of the action or interaction of both variant products of the alleles. this is similar to incomple dominance, except that the products are discrete rather than blended |
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| a gene has more than two possible alleles, they all encode variants of the same protein. the phenotype is dependent on which two alleles are present in the organism and the patterns in which the products of these alleles interact. the patterns may be dominant, incompletely dominant or codominant |
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