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Biology Study Guide
Semester 1 Biology Finla Exam Study guide
55
Biology
9th Grade
12/19/2010

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Term
What are the different ways that bacteria are identified?
Definition
-movement
-size
-shape
-cell wall
Term
Why do you think bacteria woould be considered "nature's recycler?"
Definition
they help break down dead stuff
Term
Which of the following are diseases be prevented?
a) botulism
b) AIDS
c) measles
d) polio
Definition
b,c,and d
Term
How can viral diseases be treated?
How can viral diseaeses be prevented?
Definition
-vacines
-abstinence,vaccines, don't share needles
Term
how do viruses cause disease?
Definition
they shift the bodies equalibrium
Term
what is a producer? what is a consumer? Give an example.
Definition
pro:organism that produces its own food
con: organism that relies on others for food. ex: grass and rabbits
Term
define community
Definition
assemblige of different populations
Term
what is the difference between a food web and a food chain?
Definition
food chains are made up of food webs
Term
define predation
Definition
interaction n which one organism captures and feeds on another organism
Term
define parasitism
Definition
symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and consequently harms it
Term
define mutualism
Definition
symbiotic relationship in which both species benifit from the relationship
Term
define commensalism
Definition
symbiotic relationshipin which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped no harmed
Term
what is a population
Definition
group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
Term
define ecological succession. what is the difference between primary and secondary seccesion.
Definition
gradual change in living communities that follow. primary-on land succesion that occurs on surfaces where no soil exist. secondary- disturbance changes are existing communities without removing soil
Term
define what an invasive species is. does it harm or help the stability of an ecosystem?
Definition
foreign species coming/moving tol a place that is not their origin. yes.
Term
which nutrient cycle( water, carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus) is important to RNA and DNA?
Definition
phosphorus
Term
Which nutrient cycle ( water, carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus) do plants need to produce carbohydrates during the process of photosynthesis?
Definition
carbon
Term
what is the population growth that cuts off and what does that cut off mean?
Definition
logistic growth; carrying capacity
Term
what is the population growth that doesn't stop?
Definition
expedential growth
Term
if an aquarium holds 100L of water and contains 210 guppies, what is the approximate density of the guppy population?
Definition
for each leter 2.1 guppies occupy
Term
what is the difference between density independent and a density dependent factors.
Definition
dependent: depends on the population
Term
identify the following as dependent of independent factors
a) severe drought
b) intestinal parasite
c) fatal virus
d) severe overcrowding
Definition
a) independent
b) independent
c) dependent
d) dependent
Term
define immigration, emmigration, birth rate, and death rate
Definition
immigartion: movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population.
emmigration: movement of individuals out of an area.
death rate: the total number of deaths per 1000 births in a society
birth rate: the total number of births per 1000 beirths in a society
Term
immigration and emmigration contribute to which population increase.
Definition
immigration: birth rates
emmigration: death rates
Term
despite the loss of habitat and increase number of deaths, the population size of a species increased. How would you explain this?
Definition
the contingency that the number of the birthrates and emmigration has increased
Term
what would be the pH of a strong base? of a strong acid
Definition
pH=1 to 3(acid)
pH=11 to 14 (base)
Term
what are the building blocks(monomers)of proteins? nucleic acids? carbohydrates?
Definition
Proteins: nitrigen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
nucleic acids: 5 carbon sugar, phosphorate group, nitrogen base
carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Term
how many atoms are in the following molecules
a) H2o
b) C6H12O6
c) H2o6
Definition
a) 3
b) 24
c) 8
Term
what type of macromolecule would you classify an enzyme as?
Definition
catalysts
Term
what element(nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen) do proteins contain but carbohydrates and fats do not?
Definition
nitrogen
Term
The smallest unit of a compound would be what?
Definition
atom
Term
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Definition
6CO2 + 6HsO -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Term
what are the three points of the cell theory?
Definition
-all living things are composed of cells
- cells are the basic units of life
- new cells are produced from exsiting cells
Term
what are some differences between prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells
Definition
Pro: single celled
euk: multicellular
Term
nucleus
Definition
controls the cell
Term
cell membrane
Definition
controls what goes in and out of the cell
Term
nucleolus
Definition
makes ribosomes
Term
vacuole
Definition
stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates, food wastes
Term
golgi body
Definition
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials all from the ER to store the cell or secrets outside the cell
Term
mitocondria
Definition
power house of the cell
Term
what is the primary component of the cell membrane?
Definition
lipids
Term
what is ATP?
Definition
the molecule we use for energy
Term
what is a chromosome? where in the cell would the chromosomes be located?
Definition
DNA bound to proteins inside the nucleus
Term
identify if the following organelles are found in plant cells, animal cells, or both
a) cell wall
b) chloroplasts
c) cell membrane
d) centrioles
Definition
a) plants
b) plants
c) both
d) animals
Term
what is the name of the process that living organisms obtain their energy from? in which organelles does this occur?
Definition
process: cell respiration
org: mitochondria
Term
where inside of the cell do most of the chemical reactions take place?
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
define biological magnification
Definition
increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or in a food web
Term
define diversity
Definition
the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere
Term
when using a microscope, you switch from low to high power. what happens to the field of view?
Definition
the area you observe changes drastically your image becomes cleaner and bigger.
Term
what happens to the distance between the objective lens and the slide when you switch from low to high power?
Definition
power decreases
Term
lysosome
Definition
digests lipids carbohydrates, proteins and organelles.
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
transports proteins, lipids and other materials of the cell
Term
ribosomes
Definition
makes proteins
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
holds the organelles
Term
cilia
Definition
helps cell move
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