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Biology Plant Transpiration
self explanatory.
41
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/19/2009

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Term
Technical name for bean plant
Definition
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Term
Equation for photosynthesis:
Definition
6CO2 + 6 H20 + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Term
What is conducted in the xylem?
Definition
Minerals and water
Term
Are xylem cells dead or alive?
Definition
dead.
Term
What are some xylem elements?
Definition
Vessels: elongate cells placed end to end.
Tracheid: characterized by tapering ends and pitted walls without true perforations.
Lignin: autoflouresces blue under UV light
Term
What does phloem conduct?
Definition
sugars and other organic molecules
Term
What are some phloem elements?
Definition
sieve tubes-cytoplasm of one cells is joined to adjacent cells
Companion cells
Term
When are stomata generally opened?
Definition
In the day and closed at night
Term
How do stomata know to open at dawn?
Definition
Blue light receptors in the guard cell
Low CO2
Circadian rhythm
Term
What do blue light receptors in guard cells do?
Definition
Stimulate proton pumps promoting uptake of K+
Drive photosynthesis and lower CO2
Term
Why do stomata close?
Definition
Environmental stress (excessive transpiration) such as dehydration or exposure to Absicic acid
High CO2
Change in temperature
Term
What is the state of the stomata when it is open?
Definition
Turgid
Term
What is the state of the stomata when it is closed?
Definition
flaccid
Term
What is hydropassive closure?
Definition
The guard cells lose turgor and close due to low air humidity
Term
What is hydroactive closure? (involving Co2)
Definition
When guard cells lose turgor pressure and the stomata close due to an increase in CO2- Guard cells have CO2 sensors- they CO2 for respiration however
Term
What is hydroactive closure? (involving ABA)
Definition
ABA accumulates in the chloroplasts of the mesophyll cells and they become mostly dehydrated. Stored ABA is released outside of the cell so it can stream to the guard cells. The rate of ABA synthesis increases!
Term
When is ABA production initiated?
Definition
In stressful situations such as water loss or freezing.
Term
What is the function of ABA that we are most concerned about?
Definition
The closure of stomata
Term
Why does water flow in and out of cells?
Definition
The K+ concentration. If the K+ concentration is higher outside of the cell, the water will flow out. If the K+ concentration of the cell is higher within the cell, the water will flow in.
Term
What does ABA do?
Definition
It binds to guard cell receptors, activates signal transduction pathway, lowers solute concentration inside of guard cell, and thus, lowers cell turgor and closes stoma
Term
What is the state of the stoma when the guard cells are turgid?
Definition
Open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in bright light?
Definition
Open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in low CO2?
Definition
open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in low ABA?
Definition
open
Term
What is the state of th stoma when there is a high concentration of K+ in the guard cells?
Definition
Open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in high temperature?
Definition
Open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in high photosynthesis?
Definition
Open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in lots of water?
Definition
Open
Term
What is the state of the stoma in when guard cells are flaccid?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is the state of the stoma in darkness?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is the state of the stoma when CO2 is high?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is the state of the stoma whe ABA is high?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is the state of the stoma when K+ is low in guard cells?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is hte state of the stoma when the temperature is low?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is the state of the stoma when photosynthesis is low?
Definition
Closed
Term
What is the state of the stoma when water is stressed?
Definition
Closed
Term
What do you call it if the force moving water is a concentration gradient?
Definition
Diffusion
Term
What do you call it if the force moving water is a potential gradient?
Definition
Osmosis
Term
What do you call it if the force moving water is a pressure gradient?
Definition
Bulk flow
Term
What does conductance depend on?
Definition
Resistance, size of stomata (open/closed?), density of stomata
Term
What does the porometer measure?
Definition
The resistance to the loss of water through the stomata
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