Term
| Describe the asymptomatic phase for HIV. |
|
Definition
No AIDS - Defining condition CD4+ T-Cells 200-499
or
CD4+ T-Cells 14%-28% of total
6 Months (Kids) - 11 Years
Typically 8-10 Years |
|
|
Term
| Are the trends iin the U.S. the same as those seen worldwide? |
|
Definition
| In some countries such as the countries that are not third world. |
|
|
Term
| What subtype of group M of the HIV-1 strain is found in Southern, and East Africa, India, and Nepal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three ways to trigger a response with a classic vaccine. |
|
Definition
Bind free viral particles.
Release antiviral cytokines.
Induction |
|
|
Term
| Decribe early HIV disease. |
|
Definition
CD4+ T-Cells < 200
or
CD4+ T-Cells < 14% of total
or
Documentation of AIDS defining condition. |
|
|
Term
| Subtype C in group M of the HIV-1 strain is most commonly transmitted through what mode of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the process of viral infection how does a Protease Inhibitor work? |
|
Definition
Interferes with processing of viral proteins.
Prevents maturation (PA-457). |
|
|
Term
| What are the unique aspects of the epidemic with respect to women? |
|
Definition
| Mostly infected by heterosexual contact. |
|
|
Term
| In the process of viral infection how does a Integrase Inhibitor work? |
|
Definition
| Stops DNA copy of viral genome integrate into host genome. |
|
|
Term
| When a disease crosses the species barrier is is known as what type of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the danger invloved in single drug therapy? |
|
Definition
| Supression of only one factor of HIV replication. |
|
|
Term
| What would constitute a cure for HIV/AIDS? |
|
Definition
| Introducing the virus into someone's body. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the acute infection stage of HIV. |
|
Definition
No AIDS - defining condition.
CD4+ T-Cells > 500
or
CD4+ T-Cells > 29% total
2 - 8 Weeks after primary infection.
Acute Retroviral Syndrome: Greatest HIV production. |
|
|
Term
| What types of HIV vaccines are being developed? |
|
Definition
Viral Proteins or Peptides
Live Vectors
DNA
Virus Like Particles |
|
|
Term
| Why is combination drug therapy more effective? |
|
Definition
1 Drug = 3 Times better.
Cocktail = 10 Times better. |
|
|
Term
| What are the Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors? |
|
Definition
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary goal of viral drug therapies? |
|
Definition
Maximal and durable supression of viral load.
Restoration and / or preservation of immunologic function.
Improvement of quality of life.
Reduction of HIV related morbility and mortality. |
|
|
Term
| What are the unique problems with a vaccine against HIV? |
|
Definition
Activation of CD4+ T-Cells.
Diversity of HIV strains.
Picking which HIV protein to use as an immunogen. |
|
|
Term
| What are curent types of antiviral drugs? |
|
Definition
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors
CCR4 Antagonists
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| In the process of viral infection how does a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor work? |
|
Definition
| Stops reverse transcriptase from copying "bad" nucleoside. |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of "conspiracy theories" regarding HIV that were proposed by the Harlem AIDS Forum? |
|
Definition
HIV is being transmitted intentionally to blacks as a genocidal project.
Hive is an engineered microbe. |
|
|
Term
What subtypes of group M of the HIV-1 strain are most widespread?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many genetically distinct subtypes are there of HIV-1? |
|
Definition
9
Plus Circulating Recombinant Forms |
|
|
Term
| What is evidence for HIV-1 and HIV-2 bing a zoonotic? |
|
Definition
Biochemical similarities of SIV and HIV.
SIVsm contains genes nearly identical to HIV-2. |
|
|
Term
| What subtype of the group M of the HIV-1 strain is limited to East, and Central Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the sites of druh actions in teh viral life cycle? |
|
Definition
Docking Sites
Reverse Transcriptase
Integration (DNA)
Synthesis
Packaging
Release |
|
|
Term
| What "players" are involved in the Epidemiological Triad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory gene in HIV-2 that differentiates it from HIV-1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two major strains of HIV and where are they primarily found? |
|
Definition
HIV-1 - Worldwide
HIV-2 - Camaroon, West Africa |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 separate groups of the HIV-1 strain? |
|
Definition
M - Major
N - New
O - Outlier
P - New |
|
|
Term
| Why do opportunistic infections occur in hiv infected patients and not very often in persons uninfected with HIV? |
|
Definition
| Immune Systems is supressed or non-existant. |
|
|
Term
| Name two Nucleoside Analogs. |
|
Definition
Azydothymadine (Retrovir)
Tenofir (Viread) |
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory gene in HIV-1 that differentiates it from HIV-2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subtype B in group M of the HIV-1 strain is most commonly transmitted through what mode of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dscribe advanced HIV disease. |
|
Definition
Persistant white spots or unusual lesions on tongue or in your mouth.
Lose fat everywhere but not between the shoulder blades. |
|
|
Term
| What needs to happen in order to break the cycle of an epidemic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the incidence and prevalence highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between HIV strain 1 and 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the epidemic for African Americans and Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S.? |
|
Definition
| Larger and more prevalent. |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common issues that dictate areas or countries where HIV is most prevalent? |
|
Definition
Cultural Mores
Lack of Education
Lack of Resources |
|
|
Term
| HIV-1 has ow many groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part is different between a nucleoside and a nucleotide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cycle of transmission of infectious disease? |
|
Definition
Host
Mode of Escape
Resovior
Mode of Transmission |
|
|
Term
| Which country holds 70% of worldwide HIV infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subtype of group M of the HIV-1 strain is most common in Europe, the Americas, Japan, and Austrailia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the process if viral infection how does a CCR5 Antagonist work? |
|
Definition
| Helps stop infection of Macrophages. |
|
|
Term
| What are the criteria for deciding if a disease qualifies as a zoonotic disease? |
|
Definition
| Must pass from animal to humans. |
|
|
Term
| What is the study of the distributin and determinants of health related states and events in populations and the control of health problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the most common opportunistic infections including a brief symptomatic listing. |
|
Definition
Pneunocystic Carinii
Pneumonia: Caused by a protozoan found in virtually everyone in the U.S. age 30-40. Fever, Non-Productive Cough, and Shortness of Breath.
Candida Albicans
Candidiasis: Caused by fungus. Normally associated with vaginal infections. Growth in mouth and tissues. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major routes of transmission of HIV? |
|
Definition
Sexual Contact
Direct Injection
Mother to Child |
|
|
Term
| Give two example of why people might support the conspiracy theories proposed by the Harlem AIDS forum. |
|
Definition
The Tuskegee Experiment in hich poor blacks were denied treatment for Syphilis in order to be monitored by researchers.
Segregated doctors offices before the Civil Rights Movement. |
|
|
Term
| What are the requirements of an efficient drug treatment of HIV? |
|
Definition
Be effective regardless of nutrition, health, status,a nd ethnicity of the population.
Protect against all HIV subtypes.
Protect against any route.
Be inexpensive.
Easy to transport.
Stable |
|
|
