- idea that phenomena that evolution cannot yet explain are best explained by the divine action of a higher power- God

- should be offered up as scientific alternatives to evolution- THEY ARE NOT

Twin Studies 

(How much DNA they share)

Monozygotic, Dizygotic, Non-twin Siblings

Mono- share 100%

Di- share 50%

Non-twin- share 50%

- her work was essential to the discovery of the double helix of DNA

- cheated of recognition because of her early death

- 46 total

- 23 from each parent

- 22 pairs of autosomes, 1 pair of sex chromosome

- deoxyribonucleic acid

- double helix

- 3 billion pairs of letters: G w/ C, T w/ A

- 20,000 to 25,000 genes within chromosomes

- provides blueprint for creation of proteins through production of RNA

Dominant- when instructions differ, this one always wins, is always expressed

Recessive- only will be expressed if both genes are the recessive gene

Genotype- determined at conception, genetic constitution

Phenotype- observable physical characteristics

"How mom and dad decide which instructions to put into your encyclopedia"

- crossing over

- gametes (egg and sperm cells) turn to zygote at joining

- explains differences in siblings

- receive, integrate, and transmit info in ONE direction through its body

- operate internally through electrical impulses

- communicate through chemical signals

from sensory neurons to other interneurons or to motor neurons 

(shortcut)

- neurons are said to fire or produce response

- the nerve impulse

-70 mv

- polarization of cellular fluid within a neurone

- insulates the axon

- allows rapid movement of electrical impulse along the axon

- sodium does not freely cross, it will only cross if there is an open channel

- potassium crosses in limited membrane

- keeps the charge at -70 mv

- maintains a negative charge b/c the ratio at which they're transferred (3/2) decreases its positivity

- each receptor influenced by only one neurotransmitter

- drugs mimic neurotransmitters

- affects motor control and mental processes

- involved in learning and memory

- alzheimers patients have low levels of this

- links motor neurons and muslces in peripheral nervous system

- brain and spinal cord

- integrates and coordinates all body functions, processes all incoming neural messages, and sends out commands to diff. parts of the body

- spinal and cranial nerves

- connects the body's sensory receptors to the CNS and the CNS muscles and glands

- contains set of nerve fibers- somatic and autonomic nervous system

controls the body's involuntary motor responses by connecting the sensory receptors to the CNS and the CNS to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands

- divided into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

- hippocampus

-amygdala

- hypothalamus

master regulatory structure

- feeding, fighting, fleeing, reproduction

- two halves of the brain

- connected by corpus callosum, which is the pathway that sends messages back and forth between the hemispheres