Immune resistance in which the body actively participates by producing memory B cells and T cells after exposure to na antigen, eaither naturally or through vaccination.

Any substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen at a synapse.

The movement of moleclues across the plasma membrane, usally against a concentration gradien ( from a region of lower concentration to a higher concentration) with the aid of a carrier protein and energy supplied by the cell.

A characteristic (structure, function, or behavior) of an organism that makes an individual better able to survive and reproduce in its natural enviromment.

• Arise through natrual selection
  

Adenosine Triphosphate

(ATP)

A nucleotide that consists of the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups.

• The energy currency of all living cells
  

A specialized junction between cells in which the plasma mebrance of adjacent cells is held togehter by protien filaments; desmosome.

A type of loose connective tissue that contains cells specialized for storing fat

The outer region of the adrenal gland that secretes glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and gonadocorticoids.

Glads located on top of the kidneys.

The inner region of the adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

(ACTH)

The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the synthesis and secretion of gluccorticoid hormones from the cortex of the adrenal glands.

To clump together

The white blood cells without granules in their cytoplasm, including monocytes and lymphocytes.

A hormone released by the adrenal cortex that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium within the kidney nephrons

A strong immune response to an antigen that is not usually harmful to the body.

The building blocks of proteins consisting of a central carbon atom bound to a hydrogen atom.

The canal between the rectum and the anus.

A steroid sex hormone secreted by the testes n males and produced in small quantities by the adrenal cortex in both sexes.

A Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells during an immune response that recognizes and binds to a specific antigen because of the shape of the molecule.

a hormone manufactured by the hypothalamus but stored in and released from the posterior pituitary.

Antigen &

Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

• A substance that recognized as foreign by the immune system. They trigger an immune response.
  
• A cell that presents an antigen to a helper T cell, initiating an immune response toward that antigen. The most important antigen presenting cell is a macrophage.
  

The bodys main artery that conducts blood from the left ventricle toward the cells of the body.

A slender closed pouch that extends from the alrge intestine near the juncture with the small intestine.

A type of loose connective tissue composed of cells in a gelatinous matrix. It serves as a universal packing material between organs and anchors skin to underlying tissue and organs.

A small blood vessel located between an artery and a capillary.

A large diameter muscular tube that transports blood away from the heart toward the cells of body tissues.

A unit of matter that cannot be furthur broken down by chemical means.

A region of specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the partition between the two atria.

heart valves located between the atria and the ventricles that keep blood from flowing in only one direction, from the atria to the ventrices.

an upper chamber of the heart that recieves blood veins and pumps it to a ventricle

an immune response misdirected against the bodys own tissues

A type of white blood cell important in antibody-mediated immune responses that can transform into a plasma cell and produce antibodies.

Any substance that reduces the concentration of of hydrogen ions in solution.

A noncellular layer beneath epithelial tissue that binds the epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.

a white blood cell that releases histomine, a chemicle that both attracts other white blood cells to the site and causes blood vessels to widen during an inflammatory response.

produced by the liver, stored in the gallbaldder, and acts in the small intestine.

Connective tissue that consists of tissue and platelets suspended in plasma, a liquid matrix.

the force exerted by the blood aginst the blood vessels. It is caused by the contraction of the ventricles and is influenced by vasoconstriction.

A characteristic of a persons red blood cells is determined on the basis of large molecules, primarily proteins, on the surface of the plasma membrane.

Strong connective tissue with specialized cells in a hard matrix composed of ollagen fibers and mineral salts.

A substance that prevents dramatic changes in pH by removing excess hydrogen ions from solutoin when concentrations increase and adding hydrogen ions when concentrations decrease.

A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are high.

a microscopic blood vessel between arterioles and venules with walls only one cell layer thick.

a network of true capillaries serviacing a particular area

The events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during a single heartbeat. It consits of a systole (contraction) a diastole (relaxatoin) of the atria and then of the ventricles of the heart.

A contractile tissue that makes up the bulk of the walls of the heart. 

The organ system composed the the heart and blood vessels. This system distributes bloood, delivers nutrients, and removes wasteds.