Term
| The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of elecrtons is called a(n) a. hydrogen bond b. ionic bond c. covalent bond d. water bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a(n)
a. nonpolar molecule
b. polar molecule
c. charged molecule
d. ion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Attractions between water molecules are called
a. covalent bonds
b. ionic bonds
c. polar bonds
d. hydrogen bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Water is a polar molecule because
a. it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom
b. it has a charge
c. different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges
d. it does not have a charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Water molecules ATTRACT nonpolar molecules such as oil. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not a unique property of water?
a. frozen water floats
b. water retains a large amount of heat
c. water molecules stick to each other
d. water cools rapidly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
The ability of water to retain heat helps cells maintain a constant internal TEMPERATURE. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which of the following is not a large biomolecule
a. carbohydrate
b. ice
c. lipid
d. nucleic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The building blocks of most biomolecules contain the element
a. carbon
b. nitrogen
c. calcium
d. sodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
a. amino acids
b. fats
c. nucleotides
d. sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F CARBOHYDRATES are obtained mostly from oils, margarine, and butter. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| T/F The role of carbohydrates in cells is to supply ENERGY. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
a. carbohydrate
b. lipid
c. nucleic acid
d. protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lipids are
a. soluble in water
b. made of chains of amino acids
c. linked together with peptide bonds
d. used by the body for storing energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following are examples of lipids except
a. oil
b. starch
c. candle wax
d. steriods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
PROTEINS are the body's main source of fuel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Long chains of amino acids are found in
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. sugars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The overall shape of a single chain of amino acids are found in
a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
c. tertiary structure
d. quaternary structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the two types of nucleic acids are
a. RNA and ATP
b. DNA and RNA
c. DNA and ATP
d. nucleotides and ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DNA stores
a. fat
b. carbohydrates
c. energy
d. hereditary information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When paper burns, the paper combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. How does the mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor compare with the mass of the paper plus oxygen?
a. the mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor is greater than the mass of the paper plus oxygen
b. the mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor is less than the mass of the paper plus oxygen
c. it is impossible to tell
d. the mass of carbon dioxide plus water vapor is identical to the mass of the paper plus oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be
a. changed from one form to another
b. taken from the surroundings in a reaction
c. released into the surroundings in a reaction
d. created or destroyed in a chemical reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A chemical reaction will probably occur between two substrate molecules if they
a. are far apart
b. are aligned in the wrong spatial orientation
c. have large amounts of kineticc energy
d. have little kinetic energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reducing activation energy
a. is a violation of the laws of nature
b. requires higher temperatures than those found within cells
c. occurs only when reactants are quickly added to the reaction mixture
d. is accomplished by the action of enzymes on reactants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true?
a. reaction 2 occurs faster than reaction 3 because 2 requires more energy than 3
b. the difference between the graphs shown for reaction 2 and reaction 3 occurs because of a difference in the activation energy of these reactions
c. reactant a contains more energy at the beginning than product c has at the end of the reaction
d. product b cotains more energy at the end of the reaction than reactant a has at the beginning of the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Reaction 3 in the graph
a. probably occured in the presence of an enzyme
b. requires more activation energy than reaction 2
c. is the same as reaction 1, but faster
d. is slower than reaction 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a(n)
a. active site
b. inactive site
c. polar molecule
d. substrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
The amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to start is called ACTIVATION ENERGY. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An enzyme
a. is used up in a reaction
b. raises the activation energy of a reaction
c. bonds with an active site on a substrate model
d. lowers the activation energy of a reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Enzymes
a. are able to heat up molecules so that they can react
b. always provide carbon dioxide for chemical reactions
c. hold substrate molecules in the correct alignment
d. absorb excess heat so that reactions occur at low temperatures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/f
Without ENZYMES, chemical reactions necessary for life would not occur quickly or easily enough to sustain life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KNOW WHAT A VESICLE LOOKS LIKE. |
|
Definition
| KNOW WHAT A VESICLE LOOKS LIKE. |
|
|
Term
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the
a. mitochondrion
b. chloroplast
c. golgi apparatus
d. centraal vacuole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?
a. lipid
b. protein
c. energy
d. carbohydrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Excess calories from fat in the diet cause all of the following except
a. obesity
b. heart disease
c. increase the risk of diabetes and heart disease
d. weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most of the body's energy needs should be supplied by dietary
a. carbohydrates
b. fats
c. vitamins
d. proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
a. chemically break down food
b. mechanically break apart food
c. absorb nutriend materials
d. excrete liquid wastes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
The process of breaking down the chemical bonds in food is called MECHANICAL digestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The last function of the digestive system is
a. absorption
b. ingestion
c. elimination
d. peristalsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first portion of the small intestine is the
a. colon
b. esophagus
c. duodenum
d. rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The wavelike contractions of muscle that move food through the digestive system are called
a. peristalsis
b. voluntary contractions
c. mechanical digestion
d. involuntary digestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Enzymes in saliva begin the chemical digestion of
a. fat
b. protein
c. carbohydrates
d. vitamins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Amylase breaks down PROTEINS into disaccharides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What is the name of structure 4?
a. liver
b. stomach
c. duodenum
d. epiglottis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Most of the end products of digestion are absorbed into the circulatory system from which structure?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids by
a. emulsifiers
b. amylases
c. maltases
d. lipases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
This structure is found in the a. kidney b. esophagus c. small intestine d. tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Structure 1 in the diagram is a
a. villus
b. nephron
c. lympathic vessel
d. urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The villi of the small intestine allow for an increase in the rate of
a. nutrient absorption
b. cellulose digestion
c. acid production
d. bile production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bile, which emulsifies fat globules, is produced by the
a. pancreas
b. gallbladder
c. liver
d. duodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
The structure labled 11 is the
a. diaphragm
b. pharynx
c. trachea
d. larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called
a. arterioles
b. venules
c. capilaries
d. bronchioles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The actual exchange of gasses occurs at the site of the
a. trachea
b. nasal passageway
c. larynx
d. alveoli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Each alveolus
a. contains many air sacs
b. attaches directly to the larynx
c. is surrounded by capllaries
d. is a large air sac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax
a. the chest cavity enlarges
b. inhalation occurs
c. exhalation occurs
d. it is impossible to breathe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the
a. larynx
b. trachea
c. diaphragm
d. pharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following occurs as air rushes into the lungs form the environment to equalize air pressure?
a. inhalation
b. contraction
c. exhalation
d. speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gas exchange occurs when
a. oxygen diffuses out of the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli
b. oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the white blood cells
c. the red blood cells take up oxygen in the cells of the body tissues
d. oxygen diffuses from the alveoli through the capillary walls to the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A respiratory disease in which airways in the lungs become narrow because of sensitivity to certain stimuli is called
a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. emphysema
d. alveolar reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Generally, fishes obtain oxygen through their
a. skin
b. lungs
c. gills
d. mantles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The gills of bony fishes
a. give them buoyancy
b. function well in or out of water
c. are composed of scales
d. are composed of gill filaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in a fish, oxygenated blood moves from the gills to the
a. heart
b. atrium
c. body
d. ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
The structure shown is a
a. lung
b. lateral line
c. gill
d. ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
WHich arrow indicates the direction of water flow?
a. arrow a
b. arrow b
c. arrow c
d. none of the arrows show the direction of water flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
In which of the following organisms might you expect to find this structure?
a. frog
b. salamander
c. caecilian
d. goldfish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The countercurrent flow of water and blood in the gills of fishes
a. allows blood and water to flow in the same direction
b. ensures that oxygen diffuses into the bood over the whole length of the blood vessels in the gills
c. results in an uneven supply of oxygen reaching the blood vessels in the gills
d. inhibits the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers
a. light energy to autotrophs
b. water to all organisms
c. carbon dioxide to animals within the ecosystem
d. chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ATP is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and
a. one phosphate group
b. two phosphate groups
c. three phosphate groups
d. four phosphate groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced during the cellular respiration of two glucose molecules?
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. twelve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When cells break down food molecules, energy is
a. released quickly
b. released entirely as body heat into the environment
c. stored temporarily in ATP molecules
d. stored permanently in ATP molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule,
a. a substantial amount of energy is released
b. an enzyme is formed
c. energy is stored
d. a substantial amount of energy is used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP is
a. ATP synthase
b. ADP synthase
c. glucose synthase
d. phosphate synthase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The series of molecules that cause protons to build up on one side of a membrane is a(n)
a. ATP synthase
b. NADH
c. ADP
d. electron transport chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When glycolysis occurs,
a. a molecule of glucose is split
b. a molecule of glucose is formed
c. photosynthesis begins
d. pyruvates are combined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
The cell uses structure 3 to
a. transport material from one part of the cell to another
b. package proteins so they can be stored by the cell
c. use light energy to make sugar
d. use energy from organic compounds to make ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of
a. chromosomes
b. vacuoles
c. mitochondria
d. lysosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The process of cellular respiration
a. is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis
b. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy
c. occurs before plants are able to continue photosynthesis
d. occurs only in animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 6
d. 34 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cellular respiration takes place in two stages:
a. glycolysis, then photosynthesis
b. electron transport chain, then fermentation
c. glycolysis, then aerobic respiration
d. fermentation, then glycolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?
a. electron transport
b. glycolysis
c. krebs cycle
d. calvin cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is
a. water
b. ATP
c. NADPH
d. oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Water is an end product in
a. lactic acid fermentation
b. alcoholic fermentation
c. the krebs cycle
d. the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is
a. respiration
b. oxidation
c. fermentation
d. photosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue under
a. anaerobic conditions
b. aerobic conditions
c. photosynthetic conditions
d. low-light conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presece of
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. oxygen
d. glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP
a. aerobic respiration
b. glycolysis
c. lactic acid fermentation
d. alcoholic fermentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of
a. cellular respiration
b. fermentation
c. photosynthesis
d. glycolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The space inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast is called the
a. thylakoid
b. reaction center
c. pigment
d. stroma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chlorophyll is green because
a. it absorbs green wavelengths of light
b. it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green
c. it reflects green wavelengths of liht
d. of an optical illusion caused by transmitted light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is
a. nitrogen
b. carbon dioxide
c. water
d. oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following enables plants to convert light energy into chemical energy
a. the sodium-potassium pump
b. coupled channels
c. sugar channels
d. hydrogen ion pumps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hydrogen ion pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for
a. moving hydrogen ions out of the thylakoid
b. providing the energy to produce ATP molecules
c. producing NADP
d. generation glucose molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Products of light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reactions are
a. oxygen and ATP
b. water and oxygen
c. ATP and NADPH
d. oxygen and NADPH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the final stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from
a. oxygen
b. sunlight
c. water
d. carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis
a. increases indefinately
b. decreases indefinately
c. increases until the light saturation point is reached
d. decreases until the light saturation point is reached |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Graph A demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis
a. decreases in response to increasing light intensity
b. increases indefinately in response to incresing light intensity
c. increases in response to increasing light intensity, but only to a certain point
d. is unaffected by changes in light intensity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is usually described as a cycle. Explain briefly. |
|
Definition
| Photosynthesis uses H2O and CO2 to create O2 and C6H12O6 which is used in cellular respiration to make H20 & CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Why do the cells of plant roots generally lack chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
| There is no light for them underground |
|
|
Term
The heart chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae is the
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ventricles are
a. the upper chambers of the heart
b. the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body
c. the chambers of the heart that recieve blood from the lungs and the rest of the body
d. lower chambers of the heart that beat independently of the atria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
The aorta is indicated by
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 9 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
In the diagram, blood in chamber 14
a. is full of oxygen
b. is returning from the venae cavae
c. is oxygen poor
d. has very little plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Chambers or vessels that carry oxygenated blood include which of the following?
a. 5 and 7 only
b. 1 and 9 only
c. 11 and 14 only
d. 5, 7, and 9
e. 1, 11, and 14 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Blood is carried directly to the lungs from which of the following?
a. 7
b. 1
c. 9
d. 11
e. 14 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the correct sequence of blood flow, beginning at the pulmonary artery?
a. 5-7-9-1-11-14
b. 1-11-14-5-7-9
c. 9-11-14-1-5-7
d. 9-5-7-14-1-11
e. 11-14-1-5-7-9 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pacemaker responsible for starting a heartbeat
a. is located in the brain
b. squeezes the ventricles shut
c. is a small buundle of cells at the entrance to the right atrium
d. is in the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following has the thickest layer of muscle?
a. a vein
b. a capillary
c. a venule
d. an artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body are the
a. venules
b. veins
c. arteries
d. capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An artery
a. usually carries oxygen rich blood
b. has thin, slightly elastic walls
c. has valves that prevent blood from flowing backward
d. is smaller than an arteriole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If a blood vessel has valves, it probably is a(n)
a. vein
b. artery
c. arteriole
d. capillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infectopms generally result in an increase in the number of
a. white blood cells
b. red blood cells
c. platelets
d. alveoli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called
a. plasma
b. ferric oxide
c. hemoglobin
d. carbonic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red blood cells
a. transport respiratory gases
b. combat bacterial infection
c. destroy viruses
d. transport cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An abnormality involving the platelets would probably affect the process of
a. breathing
b. locomotion
c. fighting bacterial infection
d. blood clotting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vitamins, salts, and proteins:plasma ::
a. arteries and veins: lymphatic vessels
b. red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets: blood
c. platelets and plasma: Rh factor
d. white blood cells and platelets: red blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
People with antigen A on their red blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s)
a. A and AB
b. B and AB
c. only AB
d. only O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The xylem in a plant
a. transports food from the leaves
b. transports water and minerals
c. exchanges carbon dioxide with the atmosphere
d. exchanges sugars and starches with leaves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pholem in a plant
a. transports sugars
b. transports water and minerals
c. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere
d. exchanges sugars and starches with leaves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Phospholipids are molecules that have
a. one polar phosphate head and two polar fatty acid tails
b. one polar phosphate head and two nonpolar fatty acid tails
c. one polar phosphate head and one polar fatty acid tail
d. one nonpolar phosphate head and two polar fatty acid tails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KNOW WHAT A TRANSPORT PROTEIN LOOKS LIKE |
|
Definition
| KNOW WHAT A TRANSPORT PROTEIN LOOKS LIKE |
|
|
Term
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances
a. always remains greater inside a membrane
b. eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane
c. always remains greater outside of a membrane
d. becomes inbalanced on both sides of a membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diffusion is the movement of a substance
a. only through a lipid bilayer membrane
b. from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration
c. only in liquids
d. from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Proteins that serve as tunnels for specific substances through the lipid bilayer are
a. cell-surface markers
b. channel proteins
c. receptor proteins
d. enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sugar molecules cross the cell membrane by
a. active transport
b. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis
d. simple diffusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following does not require energy?
a. diffusion
b. endocytosis
c. active transport
d. sodium potassium pump |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ions move through ion channels by
a. endocytosis
b. simple diffusion
c. passive transport
d. active transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called
a. solubility
b. osmosis
c. selective transport
d. endocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How does water pass through the cell membrane?
a. directly through the lipid bilayer
b. through a water ion pump
c. through water carrier proteins
d. through channel proteins just for water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Unlike passive transport, active transport
a. requires energy
b. moves substances down their concentration gradient
c. does not involve carrier proteins
d. moves water across the cell membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Both active transport and facilitated diffusion involve
a. ATP
b. movement against a concentration gradient
c. carrier proteins
d. channel proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a form of active transport?
a. osmosis
b. simple diffusion
c. facilitated diffusion
d. sodium-potassium pump |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active transport move in by
a. exocytosis
b. endocytosis
c. the sodium-potassium pump
d. channel proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Removing materials from a cell in vesicles is called
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. exocytosis
d. endocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The kidneys play a major role in maintaining
a. the proper breathing rate
b. the proper glucose levels in the blood
c. homeostasis by removing urea, water, and other wastes from the blood
d. the concentration of digestive enzymes in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The basic functional unit of the kidney is the
a. villus
b. nephron
c. ureter
d. urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
At the location labeled 4,
a. filtration is taking place
b. water and solutes are moving back into the blood
c. red blood cells are moving out of the blood
d. red blood cells are forced back into the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following materials in the filtrate is not reabsorbed back into the bloodstream by the nephrons?
a. glucse
b. ions
c. urea
d. water |
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Definition
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Term
Urine leaves the body through the
a. ureter
b. urethra
c. bladder
d. intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| KNOW HEART RATE AND GRAPHS |
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Definition
| KNOW HEART RATE AND GRAPHS |
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Term
| Contrast the actions of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion and active transport. |
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Definition
| Carrier proteins fit to a molecule and transport using proteins and no energy. Active transport requires energy. |
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