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Biology MCAT Lecture 3
Microbiology
11
Biology
Undergraduate 3
06/05/2011

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Term
When does a viral infection begins?
Definition
When a virus absorbs to a specific chemical site on the host. The nucleic acid of the virus then penetrates into the cell (normally would inject through the tail)

Once inside the cell:
a.lysogenic infection
b.lytic infection
Term
Lytic infection
Definition
the virus commandeers the cell's reproductive machinery and begins reproducing new virues
Term
Latent Period
Definition
A period from infection to lysis
Term
Virulent virus
Definition
A virus following a lytic cycle
Term
Lysogenic
Definition
occurs once lytic stage burst. DNA is reverse-transcribed from RNA and then incorporated into the host cell genome
Term
Temperate virus
Definition
A virus in a lysogenic cycle
Term
Types of viruses:
Plus-strand RNA
Minus-strand RNA
double-stranded RNA viruses
singel/double-stranded DNA viruses
Definition
Plus-strand RNA:common cold; indicates that proteins can be directly translated from the RNA includes retroviruses (AIDs)

Minus-strand RNA: measles, rabies, flu; complement to mRNA and must be transcribed to plus-RNA before being translated
Term
Denfense against viral infection
Definition
antibodies bind to a viral protein, and with cytotoxins T cells, which destroy infected cells

spike proteins are recognized by human antibodies when fighting

when spike proteins change, the antibodies fail to recognize them, and the virus may avoid detection until new antibodies form.
Term
BACTERIOPHAGE
Definition
[image]
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition

  • no membrane bond nucleus
  • Domains: bacteria and archaea
  • can acquire energy from an inorganic source other than light

Term
Fixing CO2
Definition
Reducint it and using the carbon to create organic molecules usually through a process called the Calvin cyle
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