Term
| What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state? |
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Definition
| If there are no evolutionary forces acting on a population, then the percentage of alleles within that population will not change over time. |
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Term
| In order for population equilibrium to exist, what are the five conditions that must be met? |
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Definition
| Large population size. Random mating. No net mutation. No gene flow. No natural selection. |
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Term
| What is it called when all individuals in the population must have an equal change to mate with all other individuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it when the rate of mutation is equal for all alleles? |
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Definition
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Term
| No movement of alleles either out of or into the gene pool. |
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Definition
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Term
| What protects the population from random occurrences that could alter the gene pool, such as illness that equally kills all genotypes? |
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Definition
| Large population size (genetic drift). |
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Term
| What is the effect if any one of the five conditions for population equilibrium is not present? |
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Definition
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Term
| No movement of alleles either out of or into the gene pool. |
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Definition
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Term
| What protects the population from random occurrences that could alter the gene pool, such as illness that equally kills all genotypes? |
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Definition
| Large population size (genetic drift). |
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Term
| What is the effect if any one of the five conditions for population equilibrium is not present? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A change in the genetic composition (allele frequency) of a population over time. |
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Term
| What are the Hardy-Weinberg equations? |
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Definition
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Term
What does p2 mean in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
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Definition
| Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA) in the population. |
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Term
| What does the 2pq in the Hardy-Weinberg equation mean? |
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Definition
| Frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa) in the population. |
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Term
| What does the q2 in the Hardy-Weinberg equation mean? |
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Definition
| Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa) in the population. |
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Term
| What does the p in the Hardy-Weinberg equation mean? |
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Definition
| Frequency of dominant alleles (A) in the population. |
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Term
| What does the q in the Hardy-Weinberg equation mean? |
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Definition
| Frequency of recessive alleles (a) in the population. |
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Term
| What is the dicipline scientists use to classify organisms and study how they are evolutionarily related to one another? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a summation, usually pictorially depicted, of the origin and evolution of a group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the use of various landmarks of the skull to draw conclusions on the relatedness of animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the taxonomical classification that includes all of orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas, as well as fossil hominins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the subfamily that orangutans are assigned to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the subfamily that chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans are combined into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group was formerly referred to as hominids and may be thought of as those members of family Hominidae who are primarily bipedal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean to walk upright on two legs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is defined as working with genes to accomplish a purpose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are organisms that have had a foreign piece of DNA inserted into them? |
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Definition
| Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). |
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Term
| What is the path of gene expression? |
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Definition
| DNA-transcription-mRNA-translation-protein-trait. |
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Term
| How is genetic engineering accomplished? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Polymerase chain reaction. |
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Term
| What are the three steps to PCR? |
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Definition
| Denaturing, annealing, elongation. |
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Term
| What are the five items placed in the thermocycler to run a PCR? |
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Definition
| Double-stranded DNA, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, 2 DNA primers, and buffers. |
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Term
| What is the most commonly used DNA polymerase for PCR? |
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Definition
| Taq. An enzyme isolated from a bacterium that thrives in steam vents. |
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