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!!Biology lecture 113
exam 2-ch48
15
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/11/2011

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Term
two components of the cytoskeleton
Definition
microtubules
microfilaments
Term
microtubules
Definition
-make up the spindle that moves chromosomes to the mitotic poles at anaphase
-generate movements of cilia and flagella
-
Term
microfilaments
Definition
-proteins that generate contractile forces by changing conformation
-dominant microfilament protein is actin
-reach their highest level of organization in muscle cells
Term
actin and myosin
Definition
-generate contractile forces responsible for cell movement and shape
-make up the contractile ring that divides an animal cell during cytokinesis
-endocytosis and amoeboid motion rely on their interactions
-lie parallel to eachother
Term
ACTIN
Definition
-consist of a twisted chain of actin molecules
-microfilaments
-consist of a twisted chain of actin molecules
Term
myosin
Definition
-bundles of many myosin molecules
Term
3 types of vertebrate muscle
Definition
-smooth
cardiac
skeletal
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
-contraction for internal organs
-structurally simplest muscle cells
-single nucleus, long and spindle shaped
-unstriated
-arranged in sheets with gap junctions
Term
when smooth muscle is stretched...
Definition
-the cells depolarize
-fire action potentials
-contraction
-helps move food along by peristalsis
Term
cardiac muscles
Definition
-branched and appear striated
-have intercalated disks
-gap junctions=electrical contact
-have pacemaker cells
-autonemic
Term
intercalated discs
Definition
provide strong mechanical adhesions between adjacent cells
-in cardiac muscles
Term
myogenic capacity
Definition
-given via pacemaker cells
-self-generated heartbeat
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
-aka striated muscle b/c of stripped appearance
-cells are called muscle fibers
-many nuclei
Term
muscle fibers
Definition
-large, many nuclei
-each is packed w/ bundles of myofibriles, each made up of thin actin units surrounding thick myosin units
Term
myofibrils
Definition
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