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Biology Lab
Animal Development
37
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2009

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Term
Differentiation
Definition
Where cells, tissues, and organs become specialized for a particular function
Term
Morphogenesis
Definition
The development of the animal's shape, or body form, and organization
Term
Morphology
Definition
Form
Term
Gametogenesis
Definition
The production of gametes
Term
Fertilization
Definition
The union of male and female gametes
Term
Cleavage and blastulation
Definition
The production of a multicellular blastula
Term
Gastrulation
Definition
The formation of three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Term
Organogenesis
Definition
The development of organs from the three primary germ layers
Term
Yolk
Definition
Composed of protein and fat, to be utilized by the early embryo
Term
Zygote
Definition
One diploid cell
Term
Blastula
Definition
The mitotic cell divisions of cleavage rapidly convert the zygote to a multicellular ball or disc
Term
Blastomeres
Definition
The cells of the blastula
Term
Blastocoel
Definition
A cavity that forms within the ball of cells
Term
Animal pole
Definition
The pole of the egg where the polar bodies budded from the cell in mitosis
Term
Animal hemisphere
Definition
The half of the egg associated with the animal pole
Term
Vegetal hemisphere
Definition
The other half of the egg where the yolk is concentrated
Term
Vegetal pole
Definition
The pole of the vegetal hemisphere
Term
Gastrula
Definition
Made up of three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Term
Archenteron
Definition
A new internal cavity
Term
Endoderm
Definition
The embryonic germ layer that ultimately forms the digestive tract
Term
Blastopore
Definition
Becomes the anus in deuterostomes
Becomes the mouth in protostomes
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
The cells that remain on the surface of the embryo
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
Develops between ectoderm and endoderm
Term
Neural plate
Definition
Extends from the dorsal edge of the blastopore to the anterior end of the embryo
Term
Neural groove
Definition
The center of the plate that sinks
Term
Neural folds
Definition
The edges of the plate become elevated
Term
Neural tube
Definition
Formed when the the neural folds approach each other, touch, and eventually fuse
Term
Vitelline layer
Definition
Contains species-species sperm receptors
Term
Zygote
Definition
The fertilized egg
Term
Fertilization membrane
Definition
Forms as a result of sperm-egg fusion and helps prevent multiple fertilizations
Term
Pronuclei
Definition
The egg and sperm nuclei
Term
Somites
Definition
Blocks of tissue form from mesoderm along each side of the nerve cord
Term
Oocytes
Definition
Immature eggs
Term
Ovulation
Definition
The release of oocytes into a single oviduct
Term
Blastodisc
Definition
Active cytoplasm
Term
Primitive streak
Definition
Term
Allantois
Definition
Waste sack during development
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