Term
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Definition
| Pair of lenses nearest the eyes, magnify 10X |
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Definition
| Supports the oculars and revolving nosepiece |
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Definition
| A rotating structure with four objectives mounted on it. |
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Definition
| Lenses near the specimen. Low (4X), Medium (10X), High (40X), Oil (100X) |
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Term
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Definition
| Horizontal plate with slide holder |
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Definition
| Moves the slide holder up, down, left and right |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of lenses that concentrates the light from the illuminator onto the specimen |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates the amount of light |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides the source of light |
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Definition
| Supports the body tube and adjustment knobs |
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Term
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Definition
| Move mechanical stage closer and further from objectives. Fine and coarse knobs |
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Term
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Definition
| Bears the weight of the microscope |
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Term
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Definition
| Is how much large the objective appears compared to its real size |
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Term
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Definition
| Power of the Ocular X Power of the Objective |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the clarity of the image |
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Definition
| The circular field you see when you look through the oculars |
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Definition
| Perception of depth by focusing up and down |
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Term
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Definition
| The phenomena that the object and its movements are inverted |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between the slide and the objective in use |
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Term
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Definition
| Unnecessary to make a major change in the focus when magnification is changed |
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Term
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Definition
| Functions as a selective barrier for all cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Suspension of cytosol and organelles |
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Definition
| Rigid transparent structure made of mostly cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
- Vital to the elongation of plant cells
- Occupies 90% of mature cells |
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Term
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Definition
| An organelle containing enzymes and photosynthetic pigments (ex. chlorophyll) that function in the production of sugar by photosynthesis |
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Term
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) |
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Definition
Most numerous, shaped like a pink donut with no nucleus
[image] |
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Term
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) |
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Definition
| Less numerous, larger than red blood cells with a uniquely shaped nucleus, stained purple |
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Term
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Definition
| No nuclei, purple-grey specks scattered between red and white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules containing carbon in the shape of chains or rings |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Includes starches, which store energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Large molecules made of amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. Carboxyl, Amino and an R group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty and oily substances that are insoluble in polar substances (ex. water) Composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| Bond resulting from the creation of a water molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissolution of a bond with the addition of water between two molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugars with the ability to add electrons to other molecules due to free carbonyl groups near hydroxyl groups |
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Term
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Definition
| An alkaline solution containing copper ions used to test for reducing sugars. Blue colored. Positive results are green (low concentration) to brown (high concentration) |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to detect starches. Iodine molecules unravel glucose polymers to create a dark blue/purple to black color. |
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Term
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Definition
| A strong solution of NaOH or KOH ions and dilute CuSO4 used to detect proteins. Positive results are violet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that act as catalysts to cause substrates to form products. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that recognizes the substrates amylose and glycogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that converts casein into the shorter protein chained paracasein, leaving curd precipitate and whey |
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Term
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Definition
| Powdered reagent that is lipid soluble. Stains lipids red. |
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Definition
| A substance which stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which molecules move down a concentration gradient from high to low concentration |
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Term
| Selectively (Differentially) Permeable |
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Definition
| Allows passage of a restricted set of molecules. Large and polar molecules do not pass through easily |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissolves a substance in a solution |
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Definition
| The substance that is dissolved in a solution |
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Definition
| The diffusion of water from low concentration (high concentration of water) to high concentration (low concentration of water) |
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Term
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Definition
| The force that causes osmosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Equal concentrations. No net gain or loss |
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Term
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Definition
| A low concentration solution. Causes a cell to gain water |
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Term
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Definition
| A high concentration solution. Causes a cell to lose water |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement due to bombardment by fast-moving molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| The gradual differences over the distance between high and low regions of concentration. The steeper the gradient, the faster the diffusion |
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Term
| Effects on the Rate of Diffusion |
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Definition
Rate of diffusion is:
Inversely proportional to molecular weight
Directly proportional to temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| A suspension of large, insoluble particles in a fluid medium |
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Term
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Definition
| pH indicator. Turns pink-red in basic solutions and green-blue in acidic solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| The shrinking or shriveling of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| The swelling, and eventually bursting, of animal cells |
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Term
| Total Solute Concentration |
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Definition
| When plasmolysis occurs in 50% of cells in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| When a plant cell shrinks and the plasma membrane breaks away from the cell wall |
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Term
| Hydration Shells (Spheres) |
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Definition
| The group of water molecules oriented around an ion |
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Term
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Definition
- Unicellular
- Reproduce by binary fission
- 1 strand DNA in ring form in Nucleoid Region
- Lack: Nuclear envelope, Chromosomal proteins, Membrane-bound organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller rings of DNA that perform specialized functions. Present in prokaryotes |
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Term
Bacteria
(Classifications) |
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Definition
Bacillus (Rod)
Coccus (Spherical)
Spirillum (Spiral) |
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Term
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Definition
| Present in cell walls. Provides protection and maintains shape. Not present in Archaea |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Require at least one organic compound |
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Term
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Definition
| Require chemicals from environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Require light and carbon dioxide. Includes cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Require inorganic sources (nitrogen, iron, sulfur) and carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| Require organic carbon and light |
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Term
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Definition
| Require other organisms for carbon and energy. Includes most bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
HCl + NH4OH -> NH4Cl + H2O
N+ + Cl- + NH4+ + OH- |
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Term
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Definition
| [HCl NH4OH]
Reaction occurs near HCl because Cl- is heavier |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pairs (Diplococci)
Chains (Streptococci) Strep throat
Clusters (Staphlococci) Staph infection
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Positive stain=Pink, simpler, more peptidoglycan
Negative stain=Purple, complex, less peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of N2 to nitrate or organic nitrogen. Used by many bacteria and cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Archaea that can in exist in extreme environments |
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Term
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Definition
- Exist mostly as colonies and filaments
- Simple nutritional requirements
- Include Oscillatoria and Nostoc |
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Term
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Definition
| - Divide in the same plane and adhere after division, resulting in a long filament of cells[image] |
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Term
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Definition
- Forms grape-like colonies
- Vegetative cells: Smaller
- Heterocysts: Larger, nitrogen fixation
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Use a combination of autotrophic and heterotrophic means to gain nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
- All eukaryotic
- Primarily asexual, possible sexual |
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Term
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Definition
- Pellicle: Allows body to change shape
- Movement by flagellum
- Mixotrophic
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
- Heterotrophic
- Unicellular
- Organelles |
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Term
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Definition
- Movement by pseudopodia
- Heterotrophic
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
- Movement by cilia
- Most advanced protozoa
- Asexual by binary fission, sexual by conjugation
[image] |
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