Term
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Definition
| towards the upper surface (back) |
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Term
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Definition
| Towards the lower surface (belly) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| towards the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| towards the end of the appendage nearest the body |
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Term
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Definition
| away from the midline of the body, towards the side |
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Term
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Definition
| towards the end of an appendage farthest away from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves: two dimensional plane parallel to the anterior posterior axis and perpendicular to the dorsal ventral axis |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross section; two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the anterior posterior axis of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides the body into left and right halves; two dimensional plane parallel to the anterior posterior axis and parallel to the dorsal ventral axis |
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Term
| Six anatomical regions of the rat |
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Definition
| Cranial (head), Cervical (neck), Pectoral (where the forelegs attach), Thorax (chest), Abdomen (belly), and Pelvic (hide legs attach) |
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Term
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Definition
| the hairy coat that covers most of the rats body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| located at the inside corner of the eye |
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Definition
| nictitating membrane (drawn across the eyeball for protection) |
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Term
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Definition
| walks on all of their feet |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the skull and the vertebral column |
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Term
| The sections of the vertebral column |
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Definition
| cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae |
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Term
| The bones of the anterior appendages (forelegs) attach to |
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Definition
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Term
| the bones of the posterior appendages (hind legs) attach to |
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Definition
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Term
| the appendicular skeleton is composed of |
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Definition
| the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle |
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Term
| touch yet flexible connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin sheets of muscle attached to the skin |
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Definition
cutaneous trunci
near ventral base of the foreleg and spread to the lateral and dorsal surfaces |
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Term
| specialized for heat production of the animal is stressed by low temperatures |
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Definition
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Term
| muscles are arranged on the skeleton |
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Definition
| antagonistic pairs (opposing) |
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Term
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Definition
| increase the angle of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease the angle of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| move an appendage away from the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| move an appendage towards the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| move an appendage backward |
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Term
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Definition
| move an appendage forwards |
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Term
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Definition
| rotate the palm or bottom of a foot upward |
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Term
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Definition
| rotate palm or bottom of foot downwards |
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Term
| muscles on the dorsal side shaped like a trapezoid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
located on the anterior surface of the humerus
origin: scapula
insertion: radius
action: flexes lower arm |
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Term
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Definition
located on the sides and back of the upper arm
Origin: Humerus and scapula
Insertion: elbow (olecranon)
Action: extends the lower arm |
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Term
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Definition
lays across the dorsal thoracic region of the rat
Origin: thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Action: moves scapula upward and backward |
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Term
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Definition
central muscle of the trapezius group
Origin: cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Scapula
Action: moves scapula dorsally |
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Term
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Definition
posterior to and partially covered by the spinotrapezius
Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: medial side of the humerus
Action: moves humerus dorsocaudad |
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Term
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Definition
covers sides of the abdominal cavity from the hip to the rib cage. Fingers are arranged at right angels o the fibers of the latissimus dorsi
Origin: lumbodorsal fascia and posterior ribs
Insertion: linea alba and pelvis
Acion: compresses and retains the viscera and acts with the rectus abdominis to form a flexible ventral and lateral body wall |
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Term
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Definition
muscle attaches to the skin on the lateral and dorsal sides of the body
origin: under upper front leg
Insertion: skin
Action: moves skin |
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Term
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Definition
two bundles; located on the side of the thigh
Origin: ischium
Insertion: distal portion of femur and proximal portion of tibia
Actions: abducts the thigh and flexes the shank |
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Term
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Definition
forms the bulk of the calf muscle in the lower leg
origin: distal end of femur
insertion: hell (calcaneus) by means of the tendon of achilles
action: extends foot |
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Term
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Definition
| the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| membranous tissue covering the abdominal cavity and viscera |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| covers the walls of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| covers the internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| think membranes continuous between the parietal and viscera peritoneums. attach the internal organs to the dorsal body wall |
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Term
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Definition
| thin membranes extending from the visceral peritoneums and connect organ to organ |
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Term
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Definition
Median: cystic lobe on top of the organ, cleft in its central part
Left lateral lobe: large and covered by the stomach
Right lateral lobe: partially divided into an anterior and posterior lobule, smaller than left lateral lobe, hidden by medium lobe
Caudate lobe: small folds around the esophagus and stomach, appears to be in two small sections seen when liver is raised |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| guards the entrace to the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| outer margin of curved stomach |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where the somach attaches to the intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| attached to the greater curvature of the stomach. Circulatory system and functions in storage, formation and destruction of blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| membraneous curtain of tissue that hangs from the stomach and contains lymph nodes, blood vessels and fat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes from the digestive glands, beings at the pyloric sphincter and continues under the stomach (contains villi) |
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Term
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Definition
| central portion of the small intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior portion of the small intestines, empties into the colon |
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Term
| carries urine from the bladder to the urethral orifice |
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Definition
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Term
| small yellow glands in fat on top of the kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| collects and stores sperm |
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Definition
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Term
| brown glands located to the right and helf of the urinary bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| white gland below the bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| used to accommodate a litter or more than one offspring |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| single chamber for an embryo |
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Term
| carries blood through the lungs for oxygenation and back to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| moves blood through the body after it has left the heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| first visible artery branching from the aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| the brachiocephalic artery divides into |
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Definition
| the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery |
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Term
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Definition
| first arterial branch from the abdominal aorta below the diaphragm |
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Term
| delivers blood to the small intestines and intestinal mesenteries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal muscles of the back |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pelvic area and hind extremities |
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Term
| the celiac artery turns into |
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Definition
| the hepatic arter (liver) the gastric artery (stomach) and the splenic artery (spleen and pancreas) |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood from capillaries into the mesenteries small intestine spleen and stomach pancreas and liver |
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Term
| gastric splenic and mesenteric veins |
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Definition
| drain the digestive system and unite to form the hepatic portal vein |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous |
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Term
|
Definition
| protects underlying tissues from dehydration and damage provides a selectively permeable barrier provides sensory surfaces and secretes fluids |
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Term
| Three types of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
| simple, stratified and glandular |
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Term
| squamous epithelial cells |
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Definition
| irregular and flat, one layer, line the lungs and kidneys |
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Term
|
Definition
| fuller than squamous and shaped as their names imply. THey line the respiratory and intestinal tracts |
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Term
| Typical Stratified layers |
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Definition
| upper squamous, middle cuboidal and bottom columnar |
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Term
| bones form in thin concentrated layers called |
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Definition
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Term
| surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bone and communicate with bone cells through canaliculi |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| skeletal, smooth and cardiac |
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