Evolution: Two Principles of Darwinian

Descent with Modification:  Groups/species undergoes changes from generation to generation

Natural Selection: Natural procress that selects traits that will be passed on to the next generation

Evidence of Evolution

Fossils: Remnants of ancients species and their environment (age, location, body location, genetic information)

Comparative Anatomy: Comparison of body structures between organisms

Geochronology: Dating objects by measuring the decay of radioactive elements

Genetics: Study of similarity/differences in chromosomes and DNA in organisms

Comparative Anatomy: Different structures

Homologous Structures: Common features from a common ancestor

Analogous Structures: Common features not from a common ancestor

Vestigial Structures: Structures that are no longer functional

Genetic Drift

Variation in genetic composition among species due to natural disasters or diseases

Bottleneck Effect

Genetic drift occuring when there is drastic change in population (i.e. limited resources)

Founder Effect

Loss of genetic variation when new population is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population

Diffusion

Allows cells to take in/send out materials 

Osmosis

Netflow of water from high to low

Isotonic: Same concentration of water

Hypotonic: Lower (solute)/ water in

Hypertonic: Higher (solute)/ water out

Plasma Membrane

Barrier that protects inside of cell from contamination

Tonicity

Describes concentration of fluid sorrounding the cell

Tonicity: Levels

Isotonic: concentration outside the cell is same inside the cell

Hypotonic: concentration outside cell is lower than inside the cell

Hypertonic: concentration outside cell is higher than inside the cell