Term
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Definition
| Protists are (eukaryotic/prokaryotic)? |
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Term
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Definition
Protists are found in ____ habitats.
Usually ____ in size, but not always.
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Term
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Definition
unicellular or multicellular
motile or nonmotile |
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Term
ALGAE
PROTOZOA
FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS
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Definition
Grouping by ECOLOGY
____: photoautotrophic protists
____: heterotrophic protists
____: heterotrophic, similar to fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| Protists (do/do not) represent monophyletic groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| ingesting good via phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| uptake of small organic molecules |
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Term
PHOTOAUTOTROPHY
nutrition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| undergo both photosynthesis and phagotrophy or osmotrophy |
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Term
PLANKTON
MACROALGAE
PERIPHYTON
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Definition
Informal Grouping by HABITAT
_____: drift with current (also includes bacteria, small animals)
_____: large algae (seaweeds)
_____: communities of microorganisms attached to underwater surfaces by mucilage. |
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Term
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Definition
Habitats are ecologically important because?
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Term
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Definition
| move via whip-like flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| move via numerous hair-like cilia |
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Term
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Definition
| move via pseudopodia (false foot) |
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Term
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Definition
| Some protists glide along surface via _____ (diatioms, malarial parasite Plasmodium) |
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Term
KINGDOM PROTISTA
EUKARYOTIC
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Definition
Previously, protists classified ____ ____ -- not monophyletic.
Many protists classified into ____ supergroups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supergroup named for feeding groove dug into cells of many representatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Food particles in Supergroup Excavata collect in feeding groove and enter cell via _____ -- method for taking in endosymbionts. |
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Term
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Definition
Heterotrophic, autotrophic, or mixotrophic.
Lack cell wall but contain protein strips beneath plasma membrane forming a pellicle.
Long flagellum.
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Term
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Definition
| Many contain a light-sensing red eyespot. |
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Term
KINETOPLASTIDS
KINETOPLAST
excavata
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Definition
Heterotrophic; lack plastids (e.g. chloroplasts)
Large mass of DNA (____) occurs in their single large mitochondrian. |
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Term
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Definition
Leishmania- causes leishmaniasis
Trypanosoma brucei- causes sleeping sickness |
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Term
| SUPERGROUP LAND PLANTS & RELATIVES |
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Definition
| Includes Kingdom Plantae and some algal groups (green algae, red algae, cryptomonads and haptophytes) |
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Term
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Definition
Green algae; photosynthetic.
Freshwater and marine.
Micro and macro algae.
Contain starch as food reserve in pyrenoids.
Contain chlorophyll a & b, and carotenoids. |
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Term
CHLOROPHYTA - Spirogyra
CONJUGATION |
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Definition
Freshwater alga containing spiraling chloroplasts.
Reproduces sexually by ____. |
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Term
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Definition
Red algae
Red phycoerythrin pigments
Marine, multicellular macroalgae
LACK flagella |
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Term
NORI IN SUSHI
CARRAGEENAN AS THICKENER
AGAR IN NUTRIENT AGAR PLATES
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Phylum Cryptophyta
Unicellular, typically 2 flagella
Marine and freshwater
Most photosynthetic
Red, blue-green, or brown plastids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptomonads contain _____, reduced cell nucleus indicating origin from red alga symbiont. |
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Term
HAPTOPHYTES
COCCOLITHOPHORIDS |
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Definition
Phyla Haptophyta
Typically unicellular, marine, photosynthetic.
Include _____, intricate calcium discs causing massive limestone formations from accumulated calcium carbonate on the ocean floor (cliffs of Dover). |
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Term
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Definition
Plastids of red algae, green algae, and
land plants formed by ____ _____.
-endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
-plastid with 2 membranes
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Term
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Definition
Plastids of haptophytes and cryptomonads formed by _____ ____.
-endosymbiotic alga
-plastid with more than 2 membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain saclike membranous vesicles beneath plasma membrane. |
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Term
PHYLA CILIOPHORA
alveolata
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Definition
Ciliates
ex: paramecium
-contractile vacuoles regulate water balance
-cilia in oral groove move food into mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| Compressed protein structures, usually for defense, found in certain ciliates and other protists. In response to stimuli, can be ejected as spear-shaped projectiles. |
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Term
PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA
alveolata
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Definition
Plasmodium falciparum- causes malaria
-more than one host organism (humans, mosquitos) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most unicellular with 2 flagella within grooves; often have stiff cellulose plates of "armor" in alveoli; autotrophic or heterotrophic. |
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Term
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Definition
autotrophic dinoflagellates found in corals
-can be found in other organisms like jellyfish, sea anemones, snails |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid growth; short-lived algae reduced dissolved oxygen levels as they decay; link to nutrient availability (natural and anthropogenic) |
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Term
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Definition
harmful algal blooms
certain dinoflagellates
species may produce toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| some marine dinoflagellates exhibit this emission of light; believed to deter predation |
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Term
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Definition
| usually have some flagella at some point during life; straw like hairs of flagella that increase swimming efficiency; aka heterokonts "different flagella" |
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Term
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Definition
| Supergroup Stramenopila include ____ and ____ ____. |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Bacillariophyccae
Abundant phytoplankton -- aquatic, marine
Silica cell walls, often ornate, composed of two overlapping halves. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when diatoms die; silica shells accumulate on ocean floor; powdery yet porous material |
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Term
FILTERS AND POLISHES
REFLECTIVE PAINT
TOOTHPASTE
PEST CONTROL
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Definition
| uses for diatomaceous Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Phaeophyceae
Marine macroalgae
Brown pigment fucoxanthin |
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Term
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Definition
| brown algae that is a producer, nursery ground, and harvested for algin which is a thickener in many products. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brown algae root-like ____ anchors to rocks |
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Term
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Definition
stalk of brown algae
contains flattened, leaf-like blades
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Term
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Definition
often have gas-filled bladders, creating ______.
ex: Sargassum |
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Term
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Definition
Thin, hair-like extensions of cytoplasm (filose pseudopodia)
Includes phyla Radiolaria and Forminifera. |
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Term
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Definition
includes many types of amoeba with pseudopodia
mostly free living heterotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
parasites of animals
-E. histolytica-human parasite spread via contaminated water or food; causes amoebic dysentery |
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Term
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Definition
| Dictyostelium discoideum- slime mold that is unicellular, aggregates to multicellular fruiting body is part of this supergroup. |
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Term
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Definition
presence of single posterior flagellum on swimming cells
Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia, and choanoflagellates |
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Term
CHOANOFLAGELLATES
opisthokonta
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Definition
protist containing distinctive collar surrounding flagellum (filters bacterial food)
closely related to animal kingdom
ancestor of animals most likely resembled these. |
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