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Biology II CP 9-1 and 9-2
Vocabulary
29
Biology
10th Grade
09/13/2011

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Term
Genetics
Definition
The field of Biology devoted to understanding how characteristics transmitted from parents to offspring.
Term
Heredity
Definition
The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.
Term
Trait
Definition
A genetically determined variant of a characteristic.
Term
Pollination
Definition
When pollen grains produced in in the male reproductive parts of a flower are transferred to the female part of a flower.
Term
Self-Pollination
Definition
When pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant.
Term
Cross-Pollination
Definition
When pollen of one flower reaches the stigma of another flower of another plant.
Term
True-Breeding
Definition
Plants that are "pure" for a trait will always produce offspring with that trait when they self-pollinate.
Term
P Generation
Definition
The true-breeding parents.
Term
F1 Generation
Definition
The offspring of the P Generation, or the first filial.
Term
F2 Generation
Definition
The second filial.
Term
Dominant
Definition
Something that masks, or hides, something that's recessive.
Term
Recessive
Definition
Something that isn't shown when the dominant is shown.
Term
Law of Segregation
Definition
The Law of Segregation states that a pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes.
Term
The Law of Independent Assortment
Definition
The Law of Independent Assortment states that factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes.
Term
Molecular Genetics
Definition
The study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes.
Term
Genotype
Definition
An organism's genetic maakeup.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
An organism's appearance.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
When both alleles of a pair are alike
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
When the two alleles in the pair are different.
Term
Probability
Definition
The likelihood that a specific event will occur.
Term
Monohybrid Cross
Definition
A cross in which only one characteristic is tracked.
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
A diagram used to aid Biologists in predicting the probable distribution of inherited traits in a offspring.
Term
Genotypic Ratio
Definition
The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring.
Term
Phenotypic Ratio
Definition
The ratio of he offspring's phenotypes.
Term
Testcross
Definition
When an individual of unknown genotype crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.
Term
Complete Dominance
Definition
When one allele is completely dominant over another.
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
When an offspring has a phenotype in between that of the parents.
Term
Codominance
Definition
When both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring.
Term
Dihybrid Cross
Definition
A cross in which two characteristics are tracked.
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