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Biology Homeostasis &Transport
Homeostasis and Transport Chapter 5
25
Biology
10th Grade
09/16/2008

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Term
Diffusion
Definition
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
-Simplest type of passive transport
-Driven by Kinetic Energy
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
The concentration of molecules across a space
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
Concentration of molecules of substance is the same throughout a space
Consists of random movement of molecules
diffusion across membranes- dependant on size and type of molecule
Term
Osmosis
Definition
process by which water molecules diffuse ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Does not require cells to expand energy
Passive transport
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
concentration outside the cell is LOWER than the concentration in the cytosol
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Concentration outside the cell is HIGHER than the concentration in the cytosol
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Concentration fo solutes outside and inside the cell are equal- no movement of water
Term
Contratile Vacuole
Definition
Organelles that remove water
Cells that function in hypotonic environments
Term
Turgor Pressure
Definition
Pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall (hypotonic environments)
Term
Cytolysis
Definition
Bursting of cells
Term
Plasmolysis
Definition
cells shrink away from the cell walls-water leaves the cells through osmosis (hypertonic environment)
Causing plants to wilt
Term
Facilated Diffusion
Definition
Movement of molecules across cell the cell membrane is assisted by specific proteins (Carrier Proteins) in the membrane
High to Low concentration- no additional energy needed
Ion channels- membrane proteins
Term
Na+,K+,Ca+2,Cl-
Definition
Are not soluble in lipids-Passive Transport
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Cells move materials up their concentration gradient t an area of higher concetration
Requires cells to expand energy
Term
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Definition
a carrier protein transports Na+ ions and K+ ions up their concentration gradients
Term
Many animals cells have a high concentration of
Definition
Na+ ions outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ ions outside the cell
Term
Sodium-potassium pump
Definition
works to maintain these concentration differences
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
the process by which cells ingest external fluids (large particles)
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Membrane-compound organelle
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
Involves the transport of solutes or fluids
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
is the movement of large particles or whole cells
Term
Many unicellular organells feed by
Definition
Phagocytosis
Term
bacteria and viruses are sometimes ingested by
Definition
Phagocytosis
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the cell membrane releasing their contents into the cell's external environment
Term
Exocytosis is used to
Definition
release large molecules such as proteins out of cells
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