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Biology Final Embryology
N/A
46
Biology
10th Grade
06/13/2010

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Term
Embryology
Definition
study of an embryo
Term
Gestation
Definition
period of development, length of time it takes an organism to develop before independent life
Term
Fertilization
Definition
fusing of the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus (pro-nucleus), occurs in fallopian tubes
Term
Acrosome
Definition
contains enzymes in sperm that can digest through layers of cells surrounding the egg
Term
Zygote
Definition
first cell that starts the production of an embryo
Term
Cleavages
Definition
cell divisions during gestation period
Term
Morula
Definition
solid ball of cells after 4 days of fertilization
Term
Blastocyst
Definition
a fluid filled cavity inside, hollow ball of cells
Term
Implantation
Definition
Term
blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus
Definition
Term
Tubal pregnancy/Ectopic pregnancy
Definition
blastocyst embeds and develops in the fallopian tube
Term
Invitro Fertilization
Definition
fertilization takes place in a test tube and embryo is implanted in female uterus
Term
Gastrulation
Definition
process by which three germ layers are formed, cells begin to specialize
Term
Differentiation
Definition
cells start to have specific functions
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
epidermis, nervous system, tooth enamel, lining of mouth and nose, fingernails
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
skeletal system, muscles, excretory system, kidney and bladder, circulatory system, gonads
Term
Endoderm
Definition
digestive system, respiratory system, liver and pancreas
Term
Amnion
Definition
forms amniotic sac, cushions embryo, keeps the embryo moist
Term
Chorion
Definition
forms the placenta
Term
Placenta
Definition
the connection between mother and developing embryo, temporary organ used for nourishment, respiration, and excretion
Term
Umbilical cord
Definition
how fetus attaches to the placenta
Term
Yolk Sac
Definition
not used for nourishment, where blood cells are first made, where reproductive cells are made
Term
Branchial arches/auricular hillocks
Definition
structures that develop the outer ears
Term
Foramen ovale/ductus arteriosus
Definition
structures found in fetal heart but not in newborn heart
Term
Ossification
Definition
membrane and cartilage form into bone
Term
Fontanelles
Definition
"soft spots", allows brain to grow, and protects brain during childbirth
Term
Monozygotic
Definition
identical twins, one zygote splits into two
Term
Dizygotic
Definition
fraternal twins, two eggs released and fertilized at the same time
Term
Amniotic fluid
Definition
keeps baby warm, keeps body parts from growing together, allows baby to move, protects baby, swallowing reflexes
Term
Blood barrier
Definition
separates mother's blood from fetal blood
Term
Chorionic villi
Definition
attaches baby to mothers uterus
Term
HCG
Definition
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, tells corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen
Term
Progesterone and estrogen
Definition
prepares uterine lining, prevents further eggs from being released from ovary
Term
Reproduction and Endocrine system
Definition
two body systems working together for birthing process
Term
Endocrine system
Definition
system of organs/glands that produce hormones
Term
Hormone
Definition
a chemical produced in one part of body and has its affect on another part of the body
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
produced by pituitary gland, causes contractions of muscles in uterus
Term
Labor
Definition
begins when contraction are at timed intervals
Term
Dilation
Definition
when cervix reaches 10 cm
Term
Expulsion
Definition
mother is able to work with the contractions and push the fetus through the cervix and out of the vagina
Term
After birth
Definition
placent and amniotic sac are pushed out of the mother
Term
First Trimester
Definition
  • 0 to 3 months
  • brain and spinal cord began to develop
  • four stubby limbs
  • short tail
  • gill pouches
  • develop all major organs and body parts
  • sex is determined
Term
Second Trimester
Definition
  • 4 to 6 months
  • increase in size
  • fingernails and toenails
  • fine hair
  • active
  • hiccups
  • wakes and sleeps
Term
Third Trimester
Definition
  • circulatory and respiratory system undergo changes to switch to air breathing
  • fatty deposits to maintain own temperature
  • bones harden
  • less movement
Term
Embryo
Definition
third to eighth week
Term
Fetus
Definition
eighth week to birth
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