Term
|
Definition
| Generalization that allliving things are composed of cells , and that cvells are the basic uit o structure and function in living things. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| English scientist who observed compartments in a thin sliceof cork using a light microscope, named them cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photograph of the view through a microscope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of a cell with a specific function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons. In a cell, houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of a cell etween the nucleus and the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell ad maintains its shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is structured much like the fat molecule (chapter 5) but has only two fatty acids instead of three. (diagram p. 115 shows hydrophillic head, hydrophobic tails) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help move certain substances such as water and sugars across the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| net movement of the particvles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point at which the number of a diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction. (Balance) |
|
|
Term
| Selectively permeable membrane |
|
Definition
| membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules wit no energy expended by the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a lower concentration of solute than another solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to e expended by the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| takes material into the cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing wit the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pair of membranes that surrounds the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ball like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell. |
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
| network of membranes within a cell's cytopasm that produce a variety of molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gets its name from the bound ribosomes that dot the outside of the ER membrane.ex. salivary glands secrete enzymes in your mouth are rich in rough ER. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this paret of the ER lacks the ribsomes that cover the rough ER. Performs many functions; ex. to build lipid molecules-cells in the ovaries and testes that produce sex hormones contain large amount of smooth ER. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or te Golgi apparatus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, nd polysaccharides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular organelles where cellular respiation occurs. |
|
|
Term
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
|
Definition
| main energy source that cells use for most of their work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtuble, that enables a cell to moe or change shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubles that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface. |
|
|
Term
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Lay vun hook) |
|
Definition
| Dutch scientist developed simple light microscopes with high quality lenses to observe tiny living organisms in pond water, called them animalcules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magnigfy objects up to about 1000 their actual size. |
|
|
