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Biology Exam Uno
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152
Biology
10th Grade
01/11/2010

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Term
causation
Definition
A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.
Term
correlation
Definition
A close relationship between two variables in an event or situation.
Term
activation energy
Definition
The energy that must be added to a chemical reaction to get the reactants to reach their highest-energy state.
Term
adenosine triphosphate
Definition
Term
amino acid
Definition
An organic molecule that functions as the building block for proteins; it contains both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group.
Term
autotroph
Definition
Organisms that can synthesize their own food from inorganic substances.
Term
cellulose
Definition
A polymer of glucose that is used primarily for structure in plants.
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenosine triphosphate, a large molecule made of an adenine molecule, a ribose molecule, and three phosphate groups. ATP is often called the cell's "energy currency."
Term
chemical bond
Definition
An attractive force between two or more atoms or ions that holds them together.
Term
covalent bond
Definition
A chemical bond where the electrons are shared between atoms.
Term
deoxyribose
Definition
A five-carbon monosaccharide found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Term
fibrous protein
Definition
Protein that folds into an elongated shape so that it can serve a wide variety of structural functions in the cell.
Term
globular protein
Definition
A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside.
Term
heterotroph
Definition
An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.
Term
hexose
Definition
A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms.
Term
hydrogen bond
Definition
An attractive force between a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom on one molecule and an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom on another molecule.
Term
hydrolysis reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water.
Term
ionic bond
Definition
A chemical bond formed by the attraction between positive and negative ions.
Term
isomer
Definition
A compound with the same chemical formula as another compound, but with a different arrangement of atoms that gives the molecule different chemical and physical properties.
Term
lipid
Definition
A nonpolar molecule that is not soluble in water.
Term
monomer
Definition
A small molecule that is used to form a larger molecule.
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
A carbohydrate that contains just one sugar unit.
Term
pentose
Definition
A monosaccharide that contains five carbon atoms.
Term
pH scale
Definition
A scale that indicates the acidity of a solution; it is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Term
phospholipid
Definition
A lipid molecule formed by the condensation reaction between glycerol, two fatty acid molecules, and a phosphate group.
Term
polymer
Definition
A large molecule that is formed when small molecules are joined.
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
A carbohydrate that contains many sugar units.
Term
primary element
Definition
One of six chemical elements that make up more than 99% of living matter; these include calcium, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.
Term
ribose
Definition
A five-carbon monosaccharide found in ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Term
secondary element
Definition
One of five chemical elements that are found in small amounts in living organisms; these include sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, and potassium.
Term
trace element
Definition
An element required in minute quantities by an organism to maintain proper physical functioning.
Term
triglyceride
Definition
A lipid molecule formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
Term
active transport
Definition
A transport process that requires energy.
Term
anaphase
Definition
The third step of mitosis.
Term
aqueous
Definition
Water-based.
Term
binary fission
Definition
Term
cell cycle
Definition
Term
cell fractionation
Definition
Term
chromatin
Definition
Term
cilium
Definition
Term
contact inhibition
Definition
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
Term
cytoplasmic streaming
Definition
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
Term
cytosol
Definition
Term
endocytosis
Definition
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
Term
eukaryote
Definition
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
Term
flagellum
Definition
Term
freeze fracture
Definition
Term
g0 phase
Definition
Term
g1 phase
Definition
Term
g2 phase
Definition
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
Term
hypertonic
Definition
Term
hypotonic
Definition
Term
in vitro
Definition
Term
intermediate filament
Definition
Term
interphase
Definition
Term
chloroplast
Definition
Term
isotonic
Definition
Term
lysosome
Definition
Term
m phase
Definition
Term
metaphase
Definition
Term
microfilament
Definition
Term
microtubule
Definition
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
Term
mutagen
Definition
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
Term
nuclear pore
Definition
Term
nucleolus
Definition
Term
osmosis
Definition
Term
passive transport
Definition
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
Term
prokaryote
Definition
Term
prokaryotic
Definition
Term
prophase
Definition
Term
pseudopod
Definition
Term
s phase
Definition
Term
selective perpeability
Definition
Term
spontaneous generation
Definition
Term
telophase
Definition
Term
absorption spectrum
Definition
Term
aerobic
Definition
Term
anaerobic
Definition
Term
cyclic pathway
Definition
Term
electromagnetic radiation
Definition
Term
endosymbiotic theory
Definition
Term
fermentation
Definition
Term
glycolisis
Definition
Term
linear pathway
Definition
Term
stroma
Definition
Term
thylakoid
Definition
Term
anticodon
Definition
Term
bacterial phage
Definition
Term
chargoff's rules
Definition
Term
coding region
Definition
Term
codaminance
Definition
Term
codon
Definition
Term
complimentary base pair
Definition
Term
crossing over
Definition
Term
dihybrid cross
Definition
Term
diploid
Definition
Term
DNA fingerprinting
Definition
Term
DNA ligase
Definition
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
Term
dominant allele
Definition
Term
F1 generation
Definition
Term
F2 generation
Definition
Term
frameshift mutation
Definition
Term
gel electrophoresis
Definition
Term
gene expression
Definition
Term
genetic code
Definition
Term
genetic marker
Definition
Term
genome
Definition
Term
genomic library
Definition
Term
genotype
Definition
Term
haploid
Definition
Term
helicase
Definition
Term
heterozygous
Definition
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
Term
homozygous
Definition
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
Term
karyotype
Definition
Term
meiosis
Definition
Term
monohybrid cross
Definition
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
Term
nuclear transfer
Definition
Term
pedigree
Definition
Term
phenotype
Definition
Term
plasmid
Definition
Term
point mutation
Definition
Term
polygenic trait
Definition
Term
polymerase chain reaction
Definition
Term
polypoid
Definition
Term
promoter
Definition
Term
recombinant DNA
Definition
Term
replication bubble
Definition
Term
replication fork
Definition
Term
restriction enzyme
Definition
Term
sex-linked trait
Definition
Term
sticky ends
Definition
Term
synapsis
Definition
Term
termination sequence
Definition
Term
transcription
Definition
Term
transgenic
Definition
Term
trisomic
Definition
Term
vector
Definition
Term
xenotransplantation
Definition
Term
x-ray crystallography
Definition
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