Term
| All matter is composed of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mass of one proton or one neutron is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atoms are composed of subatomic particles, 3 relevant particles are? |
|
Definition
- Protons
- Electrons
- Neutrons
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subatomic particle with a single positive charge. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determine its element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subatomic particle outside the nucleus carrying a negative charge and very little mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of three fundamental particles of matter with mass approximately 1 amu and no electrical charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest unit of a chemical element. Consists of a nucleus and one or more electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that cannot be converted to simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. |
|
|
Term
| Elements are arranged in the...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All elements have one or more neutrons except...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sum of the number of the number of the protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| naturally occurring variants which have the same chemical properties but different weights because their nuclei have different numbers of particles called neutrons. Isotopes of a given chemical element have the same number of protons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unstable isotopes that spontaneously give off energy in the form of α(alpha), β(beta), or γ(gamma) radiation from the atomic nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| Isotopes of a given chemical element have the same number of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Know parts of element on periodic table |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The average of the mass numbers of a representative sample of atoms of an element, with all the isotopes in their normally occurring proportions. Also called atomic mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the capacity to cause change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is energy not doing work, such as the energy stored in chemical bonds |
|
|
Term
| An electron’s state of potential energy is called its...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region in space surrounding the atomic nucleus in which an electron is most likely to be found. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of atoms to form stable molecules so that they have eight electrons in their outermost shells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical substance made up of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds or ionic attractions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An attractive force stably linking two atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- chemical bond based on the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
- Very strong.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance made up of atoms of more than one element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule. |
|
|
Term
| Carbon can form how many covalent bonds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any organic molecule that is produced by a living organism. |
|
|
Term
- Singl covalent bonds - involves the sharing of a single pair of electrons. C—H
- Double covalent bonds - involves the sharing of four electrons(two pair) C=C
- Triple covalent bonds - six shared electrons, are rare, but there is one in nitrogen gas, which is he major component of the air we breathe. N≡N
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons in a covalent bond. |
|
|
Term
| What type of bond is it when two atoms share electrons equally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atoms that dont share electrons equally. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrically charged particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bonds formed as a result of the electrical attraction between ions bearing opposite charges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stable solid compounds resulted from bonds that ions form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Hydrogen bond
- Van Der Waal's interactions
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A weak electrostatic bond which arises from the attraction between the slight positive charge on a hydrogen atom and a slight negative charge on a nearby oxygen or nitrogen atom. |
|
|
Term
| Polar molecules that form hydrogen bonds with water are...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonpolar molecules such as hydrocarbons that interact with each other, but not with water are...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weak attractions between atoms resulting from the interaction of the electrons of one atom with the nucleus of another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the change in the composition or distribution of atoms of a substance with consequent alterations in properties. |
|
|
Term
| Cells are comprised of what percentage of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Four of water’s properties that facilitate an environment for life are:
|
|
Definition
- cohesion and surface tension
- Ice floats (flotation barrier)
- moderation of temperature
- Solvency (water is solvent of life)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collective process by which hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together
|
|
|
Term
| What helps transport water against gravity in plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy associated with movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules regardless of volume
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amount of heat energy required for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transition of water from the liquid to the gaseous phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy that must be supplied to convert a molecule from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point. |
|
|
Term
| Water reaches its greatest density a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a liquid (the solvent) and its dissolved solutes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid in which a substance(solute) is dissolved to form a solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that is dissolved in in a liquid(solvent) to form a solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measuring concentrations of solutes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
substances dissolved in water and chemical reactions that occur there
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of substance (in grams), the mass of which is numerically equal to its molecular weight |
|
|
Term
| When acids dissolve in water, they release |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that can release a proton in solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that can accept a hydrogen ion in solution. |
|
|
Term
| pH scale describes whether a solution is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
addition of reactant on one side of a reversible equation drives the system in the direction that uses up that compound is the law of...?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that can transiently accept or release hydrogen ions and therefore resist changes in pH |
|
|
Term
| Acid precipitation is rain, snow, or fog with pH lower than...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four major elements that make up living organisms? |
|
Definition
- Atoms
- Protons
- Electrons
- Neutrons
|
|
|
Term
| Is a buffer a weak or strong acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
