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Biology essay questions
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23
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/29/2008

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Term
All cells have an outermost plasma membrane, cytoplasm with ribosomes, and genetic material in the form of DNA.
Definition
State the properties associated with all cells.
Term
5 Carbon sugar, 1 or more Phosphate groups, and a Nitrogenous base
Definition
give the general composition of a nucleotide
Term
ATP and NADH & NAD
Definition
Give two examples of nucleotides
Term
ATP and NADH & NAD
Definition
Give two examples of nucleotides
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
Long chains of covalently bonded nucleotides
Term
RNA and DNA
Definition
Name 2 types of Nucleic Acids
Term
Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, Cytosine
Definition
4 possible nitrogenous bases for RNA
Term
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
Definition
4 possible nitrogenous bases for DNA
Term
To isolate the cell's genetic material, DNA.
Definition
What is the function of the nucleus?
Term
Nuclear envelope
Definition
Made up of 2 phospholipid bilayers with protein lined pores (each pore is a ring of 8 proteins w/an opening in the center of the ring)
Term
Nucleoplasm
Definition
fluid of the nucleus
Term
chromosomes
Definition
fiber of DNA with proteins attached
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
where ribosome subunits are made, go into the cytoplasm to function
Term
Chromatin
Definition
all of the cell's DNA and the associated proteins
Term
peroxisome
Definition
where fatty acids are metabolized and hydrogen peroxide is detoxified
Term
lysosome
Definition
vesicle containing digestive enzymes; unwanted or old cell parts enter this for destruction
Term
synthesis of ATP
Definition
what is the function of the Mitochondria
Term
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb's Cycle
3. Electron Transport system (ETS)
Definition
3 major pathways involved in in ATP
Term
microfilaments
Definition
thinnest cytoskeletal elements (rodlike); composed of the globular protein actin; enable cells to change shape and move
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
gives cells internal organization, shape, and ability to move; interconnected system of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments (animal only); All are proteins
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
long hollow tubes made of tubulin proteins (globular); anchor organelles and act as tracks for organelle movement; move chromosomes around during cell division (used to make cilia and flagella)
Term
cilia and flagella
Definition
2 structures for cell motility
Term
water, ions, sugars, amino acids, wastes
Definition
what is held in the central vacuole of a plant cell
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