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Definition
part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid. Mrs. R
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an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number
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Mrs. R |
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| a form of sexual reproduction in certain algae and fungi, the male gametes of one organism uniting with female gametes of the other Mrs. R |
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the chromosomes of a cell, usually displayed as a systematized arrangement of chromosome pairs in descending order of size.
Drew Harner |
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| a retrovirus enzyme that synthesizes DNA from viral RNA, the reverse of the usual DNA-to-RNA replication: used in genetic engineering to clone genes from RNA strands. |
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a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture. Ethan
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| an ancestral line; line of descent; lineage; ancestry. Drew Harner |
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| any of a group of organic compounds that are greasy to the touch, insoluble in water, and soluble in alcohol and ether: lipids comprise the fats and other esters with analogous properties and constitute, with proteins and carbohydrates, the chief structural components of living cells Ethan |
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Definition
tending to go, move, or slant back; receding
Krysta Graham |
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Definition
the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
Krysta Graham |
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| the branch of medical science dealing with tumors, including the origin, development, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant neoplasms. Drew Harner |
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| a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death. Ethan |
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| an insect or other organism that transmits a pathogenic fungus, virus, bacterium, etc. Drew Harner |
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| noting a solution of higher osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared Ethan |
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| any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of DNA molecules at specific sites: used for gene splicing in recombinant DNA technology and for chromosome mapping. |
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| Chemistry. having little or no affinity for water. Drew Harner |
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| any of a class of enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid from its deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate precursors. Drew Harner |
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| having the same alleles or genes in the same order of arrangement: Ethan |
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| any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, and an elaborate system of division by mitosis or meiosis, characteristic of all life forms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and other primitive microorganisms. Ethan |
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Definition
| any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation. Krysta Graham |
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| any of a group of carbohydrates, as sucrose or lactose, that yield monosaccharides on hydrolysis. Drew Harner |
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| having or consisting of a single cell. Drew Harner |
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| a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organism. Ethan |
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| composed of several or many cells. Drew Harner |
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Definition
| network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials. Ethan |
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| living in the absence of air or free oxygen. Drew Harner |
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Definition
| sugar, C6H12O6, having several optically different forms, the common dextrorotatory form (dextroglucose, or d-glucose) occurring in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc., and having a sweetness about one half that of ordinary sugar, and the rare levorotatory form (levoglucose, or l-glucose) not naturally occurring. Ethan |
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Definition
| a specialized structure on the chromosome, appearing during cell division as the constricted central region where the two chromatids are held together and form an X shape. Drew Harner |
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Definition
| requiring the presence of air or free oxygen for life. Ethan |
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Definition
| having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic. Drew Harner |
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Definition
| an organism requiring organic compounds for its principal source of food. |
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Definition
| triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule. Ethan |
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Definition
| the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell. Drew Harner |
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Definition
| a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule. Drew Harner |
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Definition
any of a group of viruses that infect specific bacteria, usually causing their disintegration or dissolution.
Ethan |
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Definition
| the production of living organisms from other living organisms. Drew Harner |
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| pertaining to, composed of, or provided with vessels or ducts that convey fluids, as blood, lymph, or sap Ethan |
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| the science or technique of classification Drew Harner |
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| Cell Biology. the supporting framework or matrix of a cell. Drew Harner |
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| small fruit fly used by Thomas Hunt Morgan in studying basic mechanisms of inheritance Ethan |
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| noting or pertaining to solutions characterized by equal osmotic pressure Drew Harner |
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| the genetic code that make up the human gene deocyribonucleuic acid cb |
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| a disease that effect the body cb |
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Definition
| The process in the ribosomes of a cell by which a strand of messenger RNA directs the assembly of a sequence of amino acids to make a protein |
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Definition
| Cell Biology. part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid. Compare mitosis. |
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Definition
| Pathology Having extreme muscular or arterial tension. |
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Definition
| Any of various enzymes that function in the replication and repair of DNA by catalyzing the linking of nucleotides in a specific order, using single-stranded DNA as a template |
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Definition
| To modify, especially to increase, the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil |
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Definition
| the matching strand for dna A-T, C-G |
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Definition
| "between" phases, the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions Mrs. R |
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Definition
ribonucleic acid:
any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast,
containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand from which it is transcribed:
like DNA except for the substitution of the sugar ribose for deoxyribose and the substitution of the nucleotide base URACIL FOR THYMINE |
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Definition
contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen,
building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
| is a series of biochemical changes that occur during the metabolism of nutrients, facilitating the storage of energy for further use |
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Definition
plants that produce flowers
develop seeds
largest phylum of living plants, existing in some 235,000 species |
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Definition
| a vascular plant having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary; a conifer or cycad |
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Definition
| a change in the gene: cody degarmo |
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Definition
| the nucleus is a membrane bound structure that contains the cells hereditary information and controls the cells growth and reproduction. It is commonly the most prominent organelle in the cell, :cody degarmo |
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Definition
lecithin
composed mainly of fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as glycerol
Phospholipids are the main lipids in cell membranes |
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Definition
| A heterozygous condition in which both alleles at a gene locus are partially expressed, often producing an intermediate phenotype |
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Definition
located in a sex chromosome
Relating to a gene carried on, or a trait transmitted by, a sex chromosome. Color blindness and hemophilia in humans are sex-linked traits |
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Definition
| a substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation.Drew |
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Definition
| having a strong affinity for water. Drew |
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Definition
| noting a solution of lower osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared |
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Definition
| having analogy; corresponding in some particular Drew |
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Definition
| any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in digestion. |
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Definition
| Physical Chemistry. noting or pertaining to solutions characterized by equal osmotic pressure Drew |
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Definition
| a carbohydrate that does not hydrolyze, as glucose, fructose, or ribose, occurring naturally or obtained by the hydrolysis of glycosides or polysaccharides. |
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Definition
| noting or pertaining to a solution containing the same salt concentration as mammalian blood. |
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Definition
| A polymerase (enzyme that catalyzes the formation of sequences) that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template, or, in some viruses, from an RNA template |
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Definition
| A kind of dominance wherein the dominant gene completely masks the effect of the recessive gene in heterozygous condition |
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Definition
| The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell. |
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Definition
The previously popular notion that living organisms arise or develop from nonliving matter.
The theory of spontaneous generation held that complex, living organisms may be produced from nonliving matter. It was a popular belief that mice occur spontaneously from stored grain, or maggots spontaneously appear in meat. |
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Definition
| A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen. Other components include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and sometimes phosphorus |
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Term
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Definition
(1) A molecule consisting of the basic amino group (NH2), the acidic carboxylic group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (-H), and an organic side group (R) attached to the carbon atom, thus, having the basic formula of NH2CHRCOOH.
(2) The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. |
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Definition
| Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: Cn (H2O) n. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose and gums |
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Definition
| The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion |
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Definition
| In genetics, in a pure-breeding population, the parental generation is the P1 generation. The off-spring of the P1 Generation is called the F1 Generation |
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Definition
| the generation resulting immediately from a cross of the first set of parents |
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Definition
| the result of a cross between two F1 individuals |
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Definition
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Definition
any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane, no organelles in the cytoplasm except ribosomes, and has its genetic material in the form of single continuous strands forming coils or loops, characteristic of all organisms in the kingdom Monera, as the bacteria and blue-green algae
reproduce asexually |
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Definition
| Relating to the form of a gene that expresses a trait, such as hair color, in an individual organism. The dominant form of a gene overpowers the counterpart, or recessive, form located on the other of a pair of chromosomes |
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Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials |
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Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
studded with ribosomes,
a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs, designated 1 to 22 in order of decreasing size and X and Y for the female and male sex chromosomes respectively |
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Definition
| in plants, the synthesis of complex organic materials, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts, using sunlight as the source of energy and with the aid of chlorophyll and associated pigments |
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Term
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Definition
complex organic compounds, such as glucose, are broken down by the action of enzymes into simpler compounds without the use of oxygen
2 ATP molecules are produced (energy)
waste in muscles is in the form of lactic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in the cells chloroplasts |
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Definition
| organinsm capable of self-nourishment, photosynthesis, plants, some bacteria and protists |
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Term
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Definition
three nucleotides
in transfer RNA
complementary coding triplet in messenger RNA during translation
done by the ribosomes |
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Definition
cell substance between cell membrane and nucleus
jelly like
contains all cell parts |
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Definition
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Definition
the expression of the gene make-up, what it looks like
the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment |
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Definition
| the thin membrane that forms the outer surface of the protoplasm of a cell. |
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Definition
| fatty acids, oils, waxes, sterol, and triglycerides. |
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Definition
| a cell organelle that is surrounded by a membrane, has an acidic interior,and contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down food molecules. |
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Definition
| a suffix used to form the chemical names of carbohydrates, such as glucose |
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Definition
| is often added to the name of the compound that the enzyme breaks down, as in lactase, whick breaks down lactose. |
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Definition
| the scientific classification of organisms into specially named groups based either on shared characteristics or on evolutionary relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| are usually very selective in the molecules that they act upon, called substrates, often reacting with only a single substrate. |
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Definition
| a process of development and change from one state to another, as of the universe in its development through time. |
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Definition
| relating to two alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote that are both fully expressed. |
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