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| Building block of matter; contains subatomic particles - neutrons, protrons, electrons |
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| Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons |
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| Particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus |
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| Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
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| Negatively charged particle that occupies sapce around an atom's nucleus |
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| Pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means |
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| 2 or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons |
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| Pure substance with unique properties formed when two or more different elements combine |
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| Type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
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| Compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
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| Atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons |
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| Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. |
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| Attraction between atoms due to weak electrical charges. |
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| Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups sunch an amylase into smaller molecules that cells can absorb |
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| Substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation. |
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| Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
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| Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy. |
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| Protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. |
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| Reactant to which an enzyme binds |
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| Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme |
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| Molecule with oppositely charged regions |
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| Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of oppositl charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom |
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| Combination of 2 or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics; can have a uniform composition or have distinct areas of substances. |
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| Homodeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent) |
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| Substance in which another substance is dissolved |
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| Substance dissolved in a solvent |
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| Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7 |
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| Substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7 |
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| Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution |
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| Mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range |
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| Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules |
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| Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds |
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| Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
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| Hydrophobic biological molecule compsed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes |
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| Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building blocks of organisms |
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| Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building blocks of proteins |
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| Complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information |
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| A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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| The force that holds two or more substances together. |
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| Codes for the genetic material in organisms. Looks like a twisted ladder called the double helix. |
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| To lose or cause to lose hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms in the proportions in which they occur in water, as in a chemical reaction |
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| Substance, such as estrogen, that is produced by an endocrine gland and acts on target cells |
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| Chemical decomposition in which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting with water |
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| Ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis |
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