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Definition
| A microscope in which light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen. |
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| A microscope that forms an image of a specimen using a beam of electrons. |
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Definition
| The quality of making an image appear larger than it's actual size. |
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| A measure of the clarity of an image. |
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| Scanning Tunneling Microscope |
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Definition
| Uses a needle-like probe to measure differences in voltage caused by electrons that leak, or tunnel, from the surface of the object being viewed. |
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Term
Cell Theory
(Name the three parts) |
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Definition
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
3. All cells arise from existing cells. |
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Definition
| Encloses the cell and separates the cell interior (cytoplasm) from it's surroundings. Also regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
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| Microscopic fibers that hold structures in a cell. |
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| The cellular structures on which proteins are made. The can be found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Definition
| A single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments. |
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Definition
| Surrounds the cell membrane and provides structure and support. |
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Definition
| Long, threadlike structures that protrude from the cell's surface and enable movement. |
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Definition
| An organism who's cells have a nucleus. |
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Definition
| An internal compartment that houses the cell's DNA. |
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Definition
| A structure that carries out specific activities of the cell. |
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Definition
| Short hairlike structures that some eukaryotic cells have. |
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Definition
| A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids. |
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Definition
| The way the phospholipids are arranged on a cell membrane. |
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Definition
| Attach to carbohydrates on the cells' surface and advertise cell type. |
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Definition
| Bind specific substances, such as signal molecules, outside the cell. |
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Definition
| Involved in important biochemical reactions in the cell. |
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Definition
| Aid the movement of substances into and out of the cell. |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Helps to transport the proteins that are made by the attached ribosomes. |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Lacks ribosomes, but makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells. |
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Term
| Explain how proteins move through the cell. |
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Definition
1. Ribosomes make proteins on the rough ER. The proteins are packaged into vesicles.
2. The vesicles transport the newly made proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus.
3. In the Golgi apparatus, proteins are processed and then packaged into new vesicles.
4. Many of these vesicles move to the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell.
5. Other vesicles, including lysosomes, remain within the cytoplasm. Lysosomes digest and recycle the cell's used components by breaking down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Golgi apparatus is a set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell. |
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Definition
| A form of vesicles that are small, spherical organelles that contain the cell's digestive enzymes. |
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Definition
| An organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP, the main energy currency of cells. |
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Term
| Choloroplasts (PLANT CELLS ONLY) |
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Definition
| Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. |
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Term
| Central Vacuole (PLANT CELLS ONLY) |
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Definition
| Stores water and may contain substances such as ions, nutrients, and wastes. |
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| Draw a diagram of prokaryotic cells. |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic Cells "lacks" nucleus ☞ KDM: Monera (bacteria) |
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| Draw a diagram of eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic "true" nucleus ☞ KDM: Protista (amoeba, paramecium, free-living one-celled organisms) ☞ KDM: Fungi (mushrooms, molds) ☞ KDM: Animalia (animals) ☞ KDM: Plantae (green plants) |
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Term
| Tell how to properly focus a microscope. |
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Definition
| First, make sure you have a clean slide with a cover slide over it on the microscope. Turn the microscope on. The first focusing thing you should do is the coarse adjustment; that means using the knobs that move the slide around and getting closer and further away from the lens. Next, when you can see your specimen pretty clearly, fine tune it until the specimen is perfectly clear. If you need to, use the diaphragm to change the amount of light coming through the microscope. Always start at 4x magnification, but if you need to, you can zoom in more. However, if you start at 4x magnification and then switch to 10x magnification, then you should not use the coarse adjustment knobs anymore! ONLY FINE TUNE. This is especially important if you move to 40x or 100x magnification. |
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| Tell about what you did during the microscope lab and what you saw. |
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Definition
| During the lab, we examined some pond water and some expired tea. In the tea, we found slime mold and examined that. It wasn't very interesting. We looked at yeast, a fungi, and saw it grow. We found protists from the protista kingdom moving around. My group found a worm and a crustacean, both from the animalia kingdom. |
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