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| change in living things over time |
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| the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms |
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| farmers and breeders would select the best organisms to breed and pass on their traits |
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| any heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment |
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| the ability of an animal to survive and reproduce in its specific environment |
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| the process by which organisms in nature with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring |
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| the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past |
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| similar structures that are shared by related species and have been inherited from a common ancestor |
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| body parts of organisms that share common functions but not common structure and development |
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| inherited from ancestors but have lost most of their original size and function |
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| A common group of genes that are shared between members of a population who interbreed with each other |
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| the number of times an allele occurs in the gene pool |
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| any change in the sequence of DNA |
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| creation of different combinations of alleles during meiosis |
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| any trait controlled by one gene that has 2 alleles |
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| traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
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| takes place when individuals at one end of the curve have a higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end |
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| takes place when individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at the 2 other ends |
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| takes place when individuals at the upper and lower end of the curve have higher fitness |
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| when allele frequencies change because of the migration of a small number of individuals in a population |
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| allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those to change |
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| the situation in which allele frequencies remain constant |
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| occurs when individuals select mates based on size, strength, coloration |
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| population or group of populations whose members interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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| once members of 2 populations stop interbreeding, changes in 1 gene pool can not spread to another |
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| when populations become reproductively isolated, they may then evolve into 2 species |
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| 2 populations have differences in courtship rituals or reproductive strategies that involve behavior |
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| two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers and mountains |
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| reproduction occurs at different times of the year |
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| a species that has died out |
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| researchers who study fossils to learn about ancient life |
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| places rock layers and their fossils in a temporal sequence- allows paleontologists to determine whether a fossil is older or younger than other fossils |
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| distinctive fossils used to establish and compare the relative ages of rock layers and the fossils they contain |
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| the use of half-lives of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a sample |
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| length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay |
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| timeline of the Earth's history built by paleontologists and geologists |
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| 3 divisions of time between Pre-Cambrian Period (beginning of geologic time) and the present |
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| This is what eras are subdivided in. Many are named for the place where rocks and fossils typical for that period were first studied |
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| wipe out entire ecosystems and whole food webs collapse over a relatively short period of time |
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| the idea that evolutionary change is a slow and gradual process |
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| the pattern of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change |
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| the process of one species evolving into diverse forms that live in different ways |
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| the appearance of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms |
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| the process by which 2 species evolve in response to changes in each other over time |
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| eukaryotic cells formed from symbiosis among several different prokaryotes |
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