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Biology Chapter 7: Digestion
mcat biology
42
Biology
Undergraduate 4
06/30/2009

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Term
alimentary canal
Definition
one way digestive tract of mammals
Term
human digestive tract route:
Definition
oral cavity-->pharynx-->esophagus-->stomach-->small intestine-->large intesine
Term
accessory organs of digestion:
Definition
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
Term
specialized epithelium that lines most body cavities
Definition
mucous membrane or mucosa
Term
oral cavity digestion:
Definition
mechanical-chewing; chemical-salivary amylase
Term
salivary amylase
Definition
hydrolyzes starch into simple sugars
Term
ball of food
Definition
bolus
Term
cavity that takes food from mouth into esophagus
Definition
pharynx
Term
waves of involuntary muscular contractions
Definition
peristalsis
Term
separates esophagus and stomach
Definition
cardiac sphincter (or lower esophageal sphincter)
Term
cells of the gastric glands
Definition
mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells
Term
pH of stomach?
Definition
2!
Term
composed of secretions of the chief cells and the parietal cells
Definition
gastric juice
Term
secrete pepsinogen
Definition
chief cells
Term
secrete hydrochloric acids
Definition
parietal cells
Term
kills bacteria and dissolves intercellular glue holding food together
Definition
HCl
Term
facilitates conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin
Definition
HCl
Term
secrete hormone gastrin
Definition
pyloric glands
Term
stimulates parietal cells of gastric glands and contractions of stomach
Definition
gastrin
Term
chyme
Definition
semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food
Term
junction of stomach and small intestine
Definition
pyloric sphincter (regulates passage of chyme)
Term
alcohol and certain drugs can be directly absorbed into the systemic circulation through capillaries in the ____ wall
Definition
stomach
Term
location of completion of chemical digestion
Definition
small intestine
Term
sections of small intestine
Definition
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Term
extend out of small intestine to increase area
Definition
villi and microvillia
Term
secretions of the intestinal glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder mix here with chyme
Definition
duodenum
Term
key component of bile
Definition
cholesteroal
Term
location of most of the digestion
Definition
duodenum
Term
a majority of nutrient absorption occurs...
Definition
jejunum and ileum
Term
components of large intestine
Definition
cecum, colon, rectum
Term
structure at tip of cecum
Definition
appendix
Term
absorbs salts and water
Definition
colon
Term
digestion of these beings in mouth
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
digestion of these beings in stomach
Definition
proteins
Term
digestion of these beings in the small intestine
Definition
lipids
Term
function of cecum
Definition
no real function
Term
function of colon
Definition
water absorption and vitamin K
Term
functions of liver
Definition
detox, store nutrients, form urea, build or break down glycogen, produce bile
Term
function of gall bladder
Definition
store bile
Term
pancrease secretes pancreatic juices into the
Definition
duodenum
Term
small intestine absorbs:
Definition
amino acids, hydrolyzed fats, water, monosaccharides, and vitamins
Term
filtration of blood in the kidneys occurs at
Definition
the glomerulus and browmans capsule
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