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| where protons and neutrons lie |
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| negative charge particle with such a small amnt of mass that it is not relevant |
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| a pure substance (made of one type of atom) |
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| different from atom because they have different number of neutrons |
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| a substance formed by combining two or more elements |
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| positively or negatively charged ions (through ionic bond) |
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| smallest unit of a compound |
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| (i.e. magnet)opposite charged regions of nearby molecules |
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The hydrogen bond (5 to 30 kJ/mole) is stronger than a van der Waals interaction, but weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.
hydrogen atom's attractive interaction with an electronegative atom (ie oxygen) |
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| an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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| an attraction between molecules of different substances |
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| (i.e. table salt) the harder part of a solution |
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| the liquid part of the solution (water, gravy) |
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| is used to indicate the number of H+ ions in a solution |
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7 and below..
high concentration of H* Ions
(i.e lemons..etc.) |
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8 and above
lower concentration of H* Ions
bleach and soap |
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| smallest unit, join together to form polymers which form macromolecules |
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| joined together to form macromolecules |
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ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)
1:2:1
main source of energy; structural purposes |
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| more than one sugar molecule |
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| a macromolecule made up of nucleotides nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary or genetic information |
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nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group
joined together by convalent bonds to form nucleic acids |
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| RNA - contains the sugar ribose (type of nucleic acid |
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| DNA- contains the sugar deoxyribose (type of nucleic acid) |
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made of chains of amino acids
control rate of reactions
regulate cell processes
used in bones and muscles
transfer substances in & out of cells
fight disease! |
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form proteins!!
joined by amino group and carboxyl group in a peptide bond to form proteinsss!!! |
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a process that changes one set of chemicals into another
(inhaling carbon dioxide+water -->carbon dioxide) |
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| energy that is needed in order to get a reaction |
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| a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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| is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
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enzymes act on it
the big (pac man) eating the ball |
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| (peptide bond) one end of an amino acid - allows amino acids to join together easily |
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| (peptide bond) one end of an amino acid - allows amino acids to join together easily |
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| (wound shaped) proteins must be natured in order to work |
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Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number |
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| lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen flourine neon |
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| Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon |
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Hydrogen, Helium
Potassium, Calcium |
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| 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things |
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| lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins |
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| the reactants (enzymes eat substrate) |
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