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Biology Chapter 10: Homeostasis
mcat biology
28
Biology
Undergraduate 4
07/09/2009

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Term
homeostasis
Definition
process by which a stable internal environment is maintained
Term
important homeostatic mechanisms:
Definition
1. osmoregulation
2. excretion
3. regulation of blood glucose levels
4. thermoregulation
Term
primary homeostatic organs...
Definition
kidneys, liver, large intestine, and skin
KLLS
Term
function of kidneys:
Definition
regulate the concentration of salt and water in the blood through the formation and excretion of urine
Term
kidneys are composed of
Definition
nephrons--about 1 million!
Term
regions of the kidney:
Definition
cortex, medulla, and pelvis
Term
blood enters the kidney through
Definition
the renal artery
Term
renal artery divides into
Definition
many afferent arterioles
Term
afferent arterioles run
Definition
through the medulla into the cortex
Term
afferent arterioles branch into...
Definition
a glomerulus
Term
convoluted network of capillaries
Definition
glomerulus
Term
capillaries converge into
Definition
an efferent arteriole
Term
efferent arterioles divide into
Definition
a fine capillary network = vasa recta
Term
vasa recta...
Definition
goes through the nephron tubule and then converges into the renal vien
Term
a nephron consists of a bulb called
Definition
Bowman's Capsule
Term
Bowman's Capsule embraces...
Definition
a glomerulus and leads into a long tube
Term
coiled tubule is divided into 5 units:
Definition
1. proximal convoluted tubule
2. descending limb of the loop of Henle
3. ascending limb of the loop of henle
4. distal convoluted tubule
5. collecting duct
Term
convoluted tubules and Bowman's capsule are in the
Definition
cortex
Term
loop of Henle runs through
Definition
the medulla
Term
processes of osmoregulation:
Definition
1. filtration
2. secretion
3. reabsorption
Term
blood pressure forces __ percent of blood plasma entering the glomerulus into
Definition
20; the surrounding bowman's capsule
Term
glomerulus acts like a
Definition
colander--small molecules pass, large ones dont--if you have protein or blood cells in urine-means there is a problem with the glomerulus
Term
nephron secretes substances such as ____ from the ____ into the ____
Definition
acids, bases, and ions; from the interstitial fluid; into the filtrate
Term
secretion happens...
Definition
by both passive and active transport
Term
secretion maintains...
Definition
blood pH, potassium concentration in the blood, and nitrogenous waste concentration in the filtrate
Term
reabsorption results in the formation of
Definition
concentrated urine--hypertonic to the blood
Term
body reabsorbs essential substances such as...
Definition
glucose, salts, and amino acids
Term
nephrons maintain the bloodstream's
Definition
solute concentration
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