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| a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances, a reaction between water and salt to create an acid or base |
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| in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster or chlorophyll and other pigments molecules that harvest light energy for the light reaction of photosynthesis |
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| the initial reactions in photosynthesis, which are triggered by the absorption of light by photosystems I and II and include the passafe of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oxygen gas, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis |
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| a carbon-fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a 4-carbon intermediate |
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| the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave |
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| a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |
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| a pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers it to chlorophyll in photosynthesis |
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| electron carrier (full taxi) |
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| in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
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| in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
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| a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis |
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| a series of chemical reactions that convert one biological material into another |
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| in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast |
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| the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosystems |
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| a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
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| the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient, requires cells to use energy |
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| a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color |
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| a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
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| a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
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| a chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by removing oxygen, the addition of hydrogen, or the addition of electrons |
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| an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
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| an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for the cell process |
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| an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms |
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| an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts |
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