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biology Ch.5
N/A
51
Biology
9th Grade
12/16/2010

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Term
Guard Cell
Definition
specialized cell on the undersurface of leaves for controlling gas
exchange and water loss
Term
leaf
Definition
above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis.
Term
meristem
Definition
is the tissue in all plants consisting of undifferentiated cells, found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.
Term
mesophyll
Definition
the cells layers of a leaf that lie
between the upper and lower epidermis
Term
phloem
Definition
the living tissue that carries organic nutrients particularly sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed
Term
root
Definition
a part of the body of a plant that develops, typically, from the radicle and grows downward into the soil, anchoring the plant and absorbing nutriment and moisture.
Term
stem
Definition
above ground structures that have vascular tissue and that support leaves and flowers
Term
xylem
Definition
is one of the two types of transport tissue, phloem
being the other
Term
epidermis
Definition
the outermost layer of cells covering the leaves and young parts of a plant
Term
cork
Definition
is an impermeable, buoyant material, a prime-subset of generic cork tissue that is harvested for commercial
Term
vascular tissue
Definition
is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants
Term
meristemic tissue
Definition
is growth tissue and the location of most cell division
Term
primary root
Definition
the first root produced by a germinating seed, developing from the radicle of the embryo.
Term
secondary root
Definition
A root that arises from another, older primary root.
Term
taproot
Definition
is an enlarged, somewhat straight to tapering plant root that grows
vertically downward
Term
root cap
Definition
is a section of tissue at the tip of a plant root
Term
maturation zone
Definition
elongating cells complete their differentiation into the
tissues of the primary body in this zone
Term
differentiation
Definition
the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type
Term
root hairs
Definition
the rhizoid of a vascular plant, is a tubular outgrowth of a trichoblast, a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root
Term
cortex
Definition
in plants, tissue of unspecialized cells lying between the epidermis and the vascular, or conducting, tissues of stems and roots.
Term
endodermis
Definition
The innermost layer of the cortex that forms a sheath around the vascular tissue of roots and some stems.
Term
vascular cylinder
Definition
A vascular cylinder is in the
center of as root, the cylinder is made up of both xylem and phloem tissue
Term
herbaceous
Definition
is a plant that has leaves and
stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level
Term
woody stems
Definition
is a plant that uses wood as its structural tissue
Term
stomates
Definition
any of the microscopic openings or pores in the
epidermis of leaves and young stems
Term
vascular bundle
Definition
is a part of the transport system in vascular plants
Term
pith
Definition
a usually continuous central strand of spongy tissue in the stems of most
vascular plants that probably functions chiefly in storage
Term
terminal bud
Definition
the bud located at the end of a twig marking the end of that year's growth
Term
laternal bud
Definition
bud is located where the leaf petiole is attached to the
stem
Term
petiole
Definition
the stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade
to the stem
Term
simple leaf
Definition
A leaf having one blade, or a lobed leaf
in which the separate parts do not reach down to the
Term
compound leaf
Definition
A leaf that is composed of two or more leaflets on a common stalk
Term
palisade mesopyhll
Definition
A tissue system of the
chlorenchyma in well-differentiated broad leaves composed of closely
Term
spongy mesophyll
Definition
A leaf tissue consisting of loosely arranged, chloroplast-
bearing, usually lobed cells.
Term
monocot
Definition
seeds that only have one cotyledon
Term
dicot
Definition
is a flowering plant with two embryonic seed leaves
Term
angiosperm
Definition
are the flowering plants
Term
flower
Definition
is the reproductive structure
found in flowering plants
Term
fruit
Definition
is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds
Term
sepal
Definition
is a part of the
flower of angiosperms
Term
petals
Definition
are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers
Term
pistil
Definition
the female reproductive part of a flower
Term
stigma
Definition
the part of a pistil that receives the pollen.
Term
style
Definition
a narrow, usually cylindrical and more or less filiform extension of the pistil, which, when present, bears the stigma at its apex.
Term
ovary
Definition
is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part
of the vertebrate female reproductive system
Term
ovule
Definition
plant structure that develops into a seed when fertilized
Term
stamen
Definition
Male reproductive part of a flower
Term
anther
Definition
The pollen-bearing part of the stamen
Term
pollen
Definition
a fine to coarse powder containing the microgametophytes of seed
plants, which produce the male gametes
Term
filament
Definition
The stalk of a stamen in a flower, supporting the anther
Term
self fertilization
Definition
Fertilization by sperm from the same animal, as in some
hermaphrodites, or by pollen from the same flower
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