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Biology 212 vocab lecture 1
vocabulary for lecture 1
33
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/20/2011

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Term
Myth
Definition
An invented story, idea, or concept. It can't be questioned.
Term
Dogma
Definition
A settled or established opinion, belief, or principle. It can't be questioned.
Term
Hierarchy
Definition
Any system of persons or things ranked one above another.
Term
Electron
Definition
A subatomic particle with a sing negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Term
Molecule
Definition
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. The sharing of electrons between atoms.
Term
Polar Molecule
Definition
A molecule with opposite charges on different ends of the molecule.
Term
Solubility
Definition
The ability of a substance to dissolve; the quality of being soluble
Term
Weak Chemical Force (chemical bond)
Definition
An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
Term
Ionic Attraction
Definition
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Term
Polar Attraction
Definition
A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
Term
Van Der Waals attraction
Definition
Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations.
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
Having an affinity for water.
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
Term
Hydrophobic Force
Definition
A type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude water.
Term
Amphipathic molecule
Definition
Having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.
Term
Ion
Definition
An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge.
Term
Hydrogen Ion
Definition
A single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of a water molecule leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion and a hydrogen ion.
Term
pH
Definition
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log[H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
Term
Acid
Definition
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Contributes hydrogen ions to a solution.
Term
Base
Definition
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
Term
Buffer
Definition
A susbstance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, from a region where it is more concentrated to region where it is less concentrated.
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement.
Term
Chemical Potential Energy
Definition
Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction.
Term
Isomer
Definition
One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. 3 types are structural, geometric, and enantiomer.
Term
enantiomer
Definition
One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other.
Term
functional group
Definition
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
Term
hydroxyl group
Definition
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
Term
carboxyl group
Definition
A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. has 2 oxygen atoms.
Term
amino group
Definition
A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+.
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