1. Growth and Development - increase in cell size, number or change in form or function over time in the same individual.

2. Energy Utilization - convert energy into a useable form by the living organism (autotrophs create energy, heterotrophs gain energy from others)

3. Response to Surroundings

4. Maintain homeostasis - keep physiological conditions within a narrow range, e.g. temp, pH, concentration, etc.

5. Reproduction - Create a generation of new and separate individuals using DNA (asexual, sexual)
(DNA -governs-> protein synthesis -regulates-> higher-order processes)

6.Evolution - change in form/structure/function in organisms over geologic time

1. Higher structural organization than most other liquids

2. High degree of cohesion
(attraction of like molecules, usually due to H-bonding, as well as surface tension)

3. High specific heat (resists temperature changes)

4. High heat of vaporization (ideal for evaporative cooling like sweating)

5. Important solvent due to adhesive properties.

1. Structural isomers - different covalent arrangements

2. Geometric isomers - same covalent arrangements, different spatial arrangements

3. Stereoisomers* - mirror images about an asymmetrical C

Enantiomers - two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other at each asymmetrical C

Diastereomers - two stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other about all asymmetrical C

*important aspect of biochemistry because one form may be biologically active while the other may not/have a different effect in the body.

Macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Nucleic Acids

4. Lipids (not a polymer because it has no monomers)

Monomers

1. Carbohydrates - made of monosaccharides

2. Proteins - made of amino acids

3. Nucleic Acids - made of nucleotides