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Biology 1A Midterm 2
Flashcards for info from lecture
22
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/31/2011

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Cards

Term
Assay
Definition
The way you make a measurement
Term
What is the "C" of a gamete from a diploid organism?
Definition
C=1
Term
in vitro
Definition
means "in glass"; "in a controlled environment" like a test tube.
Term
MPF
Definition

Maturation (or Mitosis) promoting factor.

 

Term
Masu 1970
Definition
Discovery of MPF
Term
If you start with one cell, how many will you have after 10 divisions?
Definition
2^10=1,024~1,000
Term
Who said "The goal of every bacterium is to become bacteria"
Definition
-Stan Fellow
Term
A person contains 10^15 cells. How many cells are human?
Definition
10^9 (rest are bacteria)
Term
Info about phages:
Definition

DNA in head under high pressure (6MPa);

5000-1 mil bp genome;

 

Names/scientists to associate with bacteriophages: [Arrow Smith, Sinclair Lewis, Felix d'Herelle, Frederick Twort, Carlos Bustamante]

Term
Phage lifestyles
Definition
lysogenic and lytic
Term
Types of sex in bacteria
Definition

1. Transformation

2. Conjugation

3. Transduction

Term
Transformation (in bacteria)
Definition

Cell takes up foreign DNA from environment and integrates it into its genome.

 

Has systems like methylation and special receptor to not accidentally uptake phage DNA.

Term
Conjugation (in Bacteria)
Definition

F+ and F- mating: transfers a plasmid dna molecule (an F plasmid) to F- cell. F- cell is now an F+ cell.

 

Hfr and F- mating: In Hfr cell, F plasmid is integrated into genome. The Hfr cell transfers some of genome, then some fragments replace the F- genome. F- cell is thus a recombinant F- bacterium.

Term
Transduction
Definition

Sometimes newly-forming phages will pack bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA.

 

Such phages can infect a cell, integrating the DNA fragment into the bacterial genome.

 

 

Term
What type of Bacterial Sex requires a mating bridge?
Definition
Conjugation
Term
Penicillin
Definition

discovered in 1920, Fleming

 

Term
Name for bacterial cell division
Definition
Binary Fission
Term
Control System for Cell Replication
Definition

Three Elements:

a. cell division kinase (cdk)

b. cyclins

c. regulated destruction machinery - ubiquitin+ proteasome

Term
Amount of DNA in diploid nucleus in G1
Definition
2C
Term
Amount of DNA in a diploid nucleus in G2
Definition
4C
Term
Microtubules
Definition
+ end attaches to Chromosome, - end attaches to centromere during during metaphase/anaphase
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