Term
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF LOCAL OR INTRINSIC CARDIOVASCULAR CONTROL MECHANISMS?
1. ALTER LOCAL BLOOD FLOW ACCORDING TO TISSUE NEEDS
2. MAINTAIN A BASAL LEVEL OF SYSTEMIC VASCULAR TONE
3. ALTER THE RATE OF CARDIAC CONTRACTION |
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Definition
| ALTER LOCAL BLOOD FLOW ACCORDING TO TISSUE NEEDS |
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Term
CENTRAL CONTROL OF VASOMOTOR TONE (INCLUDING BOTH NEURAL INNERVATION AND HUMORAL FACTORS) IS MAINLY THROUGH ACTION ON THE MUSCULATURE OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
1. ARTERIOLES (RESISTANCE VESSELS)
2. VEINS (CAPACITANCE VESSELS)
3. MICROCIRCULATION (EXCHANGE VESSELS) |
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Definition
1. ARTERIOLES (RESISTANCE VESSELS)
2. VEINS (CAPACITANCE VESSELS) |
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Term
VARIATIONS IN BLOOD FLOW IN THE CORONARY ARTERIES OF THE HEART ARE GOVERNED PRIMARILY BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
1. LOCAL METABOLITE CONTROL
2. LOCAL MYOGENIC CONTROL MECHANISMS
3. CENTRAL NEURAL INNERVATIONS |
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Definition
1. LOCAL METABOLITE CONTROL
2. LOCAL MYOGENIC CONTROL MECHANISMS |
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Term
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF THE FORCE AGAINST WHICH LEFT VENTRICLE MUST PUMP?
1. REFERRED TO AS THE LEFT VENTRIULAR AFTERLOAD
2. EQUIVALENT TO SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
3. HELPS TO DETERMINE LEFT VENTRICULAR STROKE VOLUME |
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Definition
1. REFERRED TO AS THE LEFT VENTRIULAR AFTERLOAD
2. EQUIVALENT TO SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
3. HELPS TO DETERMINE LEFT VENTRICULAR STROKE VOLUME |
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Term
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FACTORS DETERMINE CARDIAC STROKE VOLUME?
1. VENTRICULAR PRELOAD
2. VENTRICULAR AFTERLOAD
3. VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY |
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Definition
1. VENTRICULAR PRELOAD
2. VENTRICULAR AFTERLOAD
3. VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY |
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Term
SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF BLOOD VOLUME CAUSES INCREASE IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
1. VASCULAR TONE
2. SECRETIONS OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
3. HEART RATE |
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Definition
1. VASCULAR TONE
2. SECRETIONS OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
3. HEART RATE |
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Term
DURING THE LATTER STAGES OF VENTRICULAR RELAXATION, THE PRESSURES IN THEIR CHAMBERS DROP BELOW THOSE OF THE ATRIA. THIS RESULTS IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
1. OPENING OF THE AV VALVES
2. RAPID VENTRICULAR FILLING
3. A RAPID DROP IN ATRIAL PRESSURES |
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Definition
1. OPENING OF THE AV VALVES
2. RAPID VENTRICULAR FILLING
3. A RAPID DROP IN ATRIAL PRESSURES |
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Term
CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS THE RESULT OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IONIC MECHANISMS?
A. DEPOLARIZATION
B. POLARIZATION
C. REPOLARIZATION
D. REFRACTORY PERIOD |
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Definition
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Term
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PARTS OF THE CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM EXCEPT:
A. BUNDLE OF HIS
B. CHORDAE TENDINEAE
C. SINOATRIAL NODE
D. PURKINJE FIBERS |
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Definition
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Term
THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIOLES REGULATE BLOOD FLOW THROUGH DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE BODY BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MECHANISMS?
A. CONSTRICTING OR RELAXING THE ARTERIOLE WALLS
B. CLOSING OR OPENING OF ARTERIOLE SPINCTER MUSCLES
C. VALVES IN THE LUMEN OF THE VESSEL
D. SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTING THE ARTERIOLES |
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Definition
| A. CONSTRICTING OR RELAXING THE ARTERIOLE WALLS |
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Term
ILIAC VESSELS WOULD BE FOUND IN THE _____.
A. NECK AREA
B. PECTORAL AREA
C. PELVIC AREA
D. FEET |
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Definition
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Term
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ECG SEGMENTS REPRESENTS DEPOLARIZATION OF THE VENTRICLES?
A. THE ST SEGMENT
B. THE P WAVE
C. THE PR INTERVAL
D. THE QRS WAVE/ COMPLEX |
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Definition
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Term
CENTRAL OR EXTRINSIC CONTROL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OCCURS THROUGH THE ACTION OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING 1. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
2. CIRCULATING HUMORAL AGENTS
3. LOCAL METABOLITES |
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Definition
| AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CIRCULATING HUMORAL AGENTS |
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Term
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INFLUENCES BLOOD RETURN THROUGH THE VENOUS CIRCULATION INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM?
A. CLOSING OR RELAXING THE ARTERIOLE WALLS
B. CLOSING OR OPENING OF THE ARTERIOLE SPHINTER MUSCLES
C. THE INCREASE IN NEGATIVE PLUERAL PRESSURE DURING INSPIRATION
D. CAPILLARY DILATION |
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Definition
| C. THE INCREASE IN NEGATIVE PLUERAL PRESSURE DURING INSPIRATION |
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Term
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS RE CONSIDERED "RESISTANCE VESSELS"?
A. SMALL ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES
B. VEINS
C. LARGE ARTERIES
D. CAPILLARIES |
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Definition
| A. SMALL ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES |
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Term
THE SYSTOLIC/ DIASTOLIC ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE OF A NORMAL ADULT MALE IS ABOUT ________.
A. 150/90
B. 120/70
C. 90/150
D. 70/120 |
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Definition
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Term
VARIATIONS IN BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN ARE GOVERNED PRIMARILY BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
A. CENTRAL NEURAL INNERVATION
B. LOCAL MYOGENIC CONTROL MECHANISMS
C. CIRCULATION OF HUMORAL AGENTS
D. LOCAL METABOLIC CONTROL |
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Definition
| D. LOCAL METABOLIC CONTROL |
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Term
WHICH PORTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MAINLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CENTRAL CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW?
A. SOMATIC (VOLUNTARY) NERVOUS SYSTEM
B. HIGHER BRAIN CENTERS
C. PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS
D. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| D. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Term
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FORMULAS IS USED TO CALCULATE THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED BY THE HEART PER MINUTE, OR CARDIAC OUTPUT?
A. STROKE VOLUME(SV) DIVIDED BY RATE (F)
B. BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) X SV
C. SV X VASCULAR RESISTANCE
D. RATE (F)X SV |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE NORMAL RESTING CARDIAC OUTPUT FOR A HEALTHY ADULT?
A. 500 ML/MIN
B. 75 ML/MIN
C. 50 L/MIN
D. 5000 ML/MIN |
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Definition
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Term
CHANGE IN THE RATE OF CARDIAC CONTRACTIONS ARE AFFECTED PRIMARILY BY CHANGES IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
A. SYMPATHETIC OR PARASYMPATHETIC TONE
B. VENTRICULAR PRELOAD
C. VENTRICULAR AFTERLOAD
D. VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILITY |
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Definition
| A. SYMPATHETIC OR PARASYMPATHETIC TONE |
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Term
WHERE ARE THE CENTRAL CENTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM LOCATED?
A. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
B. AORTIC BODIES
C. CAROTID BODIES
D. BRAINSTEM (PONS AND MEDULLA) |
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Definition
| D. BRAINSTEM (PONS AND MEDULLA) |
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Term
IN THE ORDER TO FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY, THE CENTRAL CARDIOVASCULAR CONTROL MECHANISM MUST RECEIVE SIGNALS REGARDING CHANGES IN BLOOD VOLUME OR PRESSURE. FROM WHERE DO THESE SIGNALS COME?
A. CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS
B. HYPOTHALAMUS
C. PERIPHERAL BARORECEPTORS
D. SKELETAL MUSCLES |
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Definition
| C. PERIPHERAL BARORECEPTORS |
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Term
WHAT DOES THE FRANK-STARLING LAW OF THE HEART STATE?
A. THE LESS CARDIAC FIBERS STRETCH, THE GREATER THE STROKE VOLUME (TENSION UPON CONTRACTION)
B. THE MORE CARDIAC FIBERS STRETCH, THE GREATER THE STROKE VOLUME (TENSION UPON CONTRACTION)
C. THE MORE CARDIAC FIBERS STRETCH, THE GREATER THE HEART RATE
D. THE MORE CARDIAC FIBERS STRETCH, THE LESS THE STROKE VOLUME (TENSION UPON CONTRACTION) |
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Definition
| B. THE MORE CARDIAC FIBERS STRETCH, THE GREATER THE STROKE VOLUME (TENSION UPON CONTRACTION) |
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Term
WHAT IS THE NORMAL CARDIAC EJECTION FRACTION?
A. 1/4
B. 1/3
C. 1/2
D. 2/3 |
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Definition
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