Term
What does it mean that plant parts are interdependent? |
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Definition
Each part of the plant is dependent upon other parts in some way for their survival. |
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Term
How can you determine the age of a plant stem? |
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Definition
By counting the number of terminal bud scale scars on the plant. |
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Term
What are the two main types of root systems in plants? |
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Definition
Taproots and fibrous roots. |
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Term
What are the types of modified stems? |
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Definition
Stolon/Runner: Mostly underground, but can spread across the ground
Rhizome: An underground horizontal stem
Tuber: An underground vertical stem |
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Term
What are the different modified roots? |
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Definition
Aerial Roots: Roots that are above ground
Prop Roots: Roots that grow from above the stem base and supports the plant
Adventitious Roots: Arise from odd parts of a plant |
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Term
What are the advantages of root hairs? |
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Definition
They increase a roots surface area making it easier to absorb water and mineral nutrients into a plant. |
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Term
What are the different modified leaves? |
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Definition
Spines: give protection, reduce light intensity, air movement, and water loss
Bulbs: swollen leaf structures about the base. |
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Term
What are the types of modular growth? |
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Definition
Determinant: No growth after maturity
Indeterminant: Can continuously grow
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Term
| What types of growth come from meristems? |
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Definition
Apical: Height and length
Lateral: Girth or width |
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Term
What is characteristic of a parenchyma cell? |
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Definition
| Thin cell wall, no secondary wall, stores food, photosynthetic, described as a filler cell |
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Term
What is characteristic of a Sclerenchyma Cell? |
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Definition
Thick secondary wall, Dead at maturity, contains lignin
Sclerieds: Short, thick secondary wall
Fiber: Long, not nutritional fiber |
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Term
What is characteristic of a Collenchyma Cell? |
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Definition
Thick primary wall, no secondary wall, used for flexible support
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Term
What are the transport tissues in a plant? |
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Definition
Xylum: Carry water & dissolved minerals
Phloem: Support, carries nutrients |
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Term
| What is the reaction of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
H2O + CO2 --> C6H12O6 + O2
Water + Carbon Dioxide = Glucose + oxygen |
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Term
What are the two types of nutrients for plants? |
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Definition
Micronutrients: needed in relatively small quantities
Macronutrients: needed in relatively large quantities |
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Term
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Definition
| Inorganic parts are eroded rock, and the organic components are made up of partially decayed plant material known as humus. |
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Term
What are some of the main causes of soil erosion? |
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Definition
Mining, agriculture, logging, urbanization |
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Term
What does the 10 - 10 - 10 ratio in most fertilizers stand for?
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Definition
Concentration of:
Nitrogen - Phosphate - Potash (Potassium) |
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Term
What are effects of excess chemical fertilizer run off? |
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Definition
Ground Water: Pollution of drinking water
Surface Water: Harms aquatic life |
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Term
| What is the sequence of events that takes place during an algal bloom due to fertilizer run off? |
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Definition
| Clowding water - Loss of aquatic vegetation - Algal death - decomposing algae - lower oxygen - death of invertebrates and fish |
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Term
What is the Traspiration - Cohesion - Tension - Theory? |
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Definition
| It is the theory that describes how water and dissovled minerals are transported to different parts of a plant. |
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Term
| Describe how water moves through a plant. |
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Definition
| Water evaporates from the leaves (transpiration), moves to a place of negative pressure (tension), one molecule pulls others (cohesion). All is possible because of the opening of stomata on guard cells. |
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Term
| What are two unusual modes of nutrition for plants? |
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Definition
| Parasitism and carniverous |
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Term
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Definition
| Using plants to remove harmful chemicals from soil. |
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