Term
| How many valence electrons does carbon have? how many bonds will it form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Carbon polar or nonpolar? |
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Definition
| nonpolar-which makes it regions of molecules with it hydrophobic |
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Term
| Whatz is the shape of carbon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can carbon form double bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can carbon chains form rings? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are hydrophobic molecules attracted to? |
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Definition
| other hydrophobic molecules |
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Term
| What do carbon rings do to the structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon structures that aren't in rings have this type of flexibility |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| same chemical formula, different moelcules |
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Term
| What is an example of two structural isomers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is chemical formula infromative for dertermining biological functions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mirror image (like hands) |
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Term
| Give an example of enantiomers |
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Definition
Ibuprofin: Reduces inflammation and pain
S-Ibuprofin is effective
R-Ibuprofin is ineffective |
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Term
| Why would both the effective and ineffective ibuprofin be put in the same pill? |
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Definition
| Difficult to separate them. They have similar effects, but the ineffective enatiomer does not have any negative effects |
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Term
| What does carbons ability to form double bonds convey? ( two effects) |
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Definition
- eliminates free rotation around the bond
- introduces 'sidedness' to the molecules
cis-trans
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Term
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Definition
| the two molecules (that are the same) are on the same side |
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Term
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Definition
| The two molecules (that are the same) are on the same side |
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Term
| How do different shapes effect the molecules? |
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Definition
| different shapes produce different activities |
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Term
| What is the dif between cis-fats and trans-fats? |
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Definition
cis-fats are necessary in all cells,shorter shelf life
trans-fats are a heart attact waiting to happen,longer shelf life |
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Term
| What is a hydrocarbon made out of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a fat molecule? |
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Definition
| for long term energy storage |
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Term
| Why is hydrocarbons important? |
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Definition
A broad diversity of molecular structures
hydrophobic |
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Term
| What adds to the diversity of carbon molecules? |
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Definition
adding polar molecules
adding nonpolar molecules |
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Term
| What is are functional groups? |
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Definition
| individual chemical componets of molecules can have specific effects |
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Term
| What are some effects of adding functional groups? |
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Definition
changes
- the shape (binding/marking)
- charge/polarity(binding/hydrophobicity)
- electron distribution(stability, pH)
- energy storage in bonds(ex, ATP)
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Term
| Is a methyl group (-Ch3) polar or non-polar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Carbon a functional group? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you add a methyl group to a compound, what will it do? |
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Definition
makes molecule more hydrophobic
Can mask charge in a molecule
Change shape of surface |
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Term
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Definition
| what dna uses to wrap around itself, has positive charges and likes to wrap around DNA. If you add a methyl group, it wont combine with the DNA |
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Term
| What are some functional groups that contain oxygen? |
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Definition
- hydroxyl HO- hydrophillic
- Carbonyl >C=O
- Carboxyl -COOH
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Term
| What are the two classes of carbonyl group? define them |
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Definition
ketone= if within structure
aldehyde =if at the end of a structure |
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Term
| What is an example of the carboxyl group? |
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Definition
| carboxylic acid or organic acids; frequently ionize |
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Term
| What do carboxylic acids frequently give up to become charged? |
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Definition
a proton
tendency to become more negative |
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Term
| Molecules have their own tendencies that are effected by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-NH2
Amines, frequently ionizes
unbound electrons attract a proton giving it 4 bonds and a positive charge
polar |
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Term
| What does adding an amino group do to a molecule? |
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Definition
makes it more hydrophillic
changes the shape
change the charge |
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Term
| What is the Sulfhydryl group? |
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Definition
-SH
Thoils, frequently form disulfides |
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Term
| What does sulfer do in the sulfhydryl group? |
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Definition
| becomes more electronegative |
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Term
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Definition
two sulfers
can link two sulfhydryls containing molecules together |
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Term
| What is important about sulfhydryls? |
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Definition
| polar and can link with other sulfydryls to form disulfides |
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Term
| What is a phosphate group? |
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Definition
-OPO3^2-
Phosphate with 4 oxygens around it
polar-always going to be charged, making it more hydrophillic
organic phosphates, always charged
can completely change the interactions within a molecule by drawing electron towards it |
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Term
| What is the role of cynases? |
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Definition
| Attaching phosphate groups to proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How can you change the shape,charge and polarity of a molecule? |
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Definition
| Through adding or taking away functional groups |
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