Term
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Definition
discreet unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA.
often codes for a protein/RNA that does something. |
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Term
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Definition
alternative versions of a gene which accounts for variations in inherited characteristics.
two alleles (one from each parent). |
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Definition
| fully expressed in the organism's appearance |
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Definition
| no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character is homozygous for the gene controlling the character.
example: PP |
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Term
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Definition
organism having two different alleles for a gene are said to be heterozygous for that gene.
example: Pp |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organism's genetic makeup |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross that tracks the inheritance of a single character, for example, flower color. |
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Term
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Definition
genetic variation where both characteristics are expressed.
example, Rr (heterozygous pink) |
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Term
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Definition
multiple alleles
examples: blood type |
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Term
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Definition
genetic variation
stopping or starting expression
example: coat color of mice, B black, b brown, C yes coat, c no coat color |
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Term
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Definition
| two alleles for a heritable trait segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes. |
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Term
| law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| each pair of alleles segregates independently of each pair of alleles during gamete formation. |
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Term
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Definition
too many or two few chromosomes.
separation of sister chromatids incorrect. |
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Term
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Definition
type of nondisjunction.
too many chromosome 21 (3 of them) trisomy. |
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Term
| too few sex chromosomes XO |
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Definition
XO
turner syndrome (girls)
no female characteristics develop in puberty, no female reproductive system. |
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Term
| too many sex chromosomes XXY |
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Definition
XXY
klinefelter syndrome (male)
dainty, higher voice, less facial hair, more female characteristics are expressed. |
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Term
| too many sex chromosomes XYY |
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Definition
XYY
jacob syndrome/ normal male
extra y chromosome, more agressive, male characteristics |
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Term
| alterations in chromosome structure |
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Definition
| deletion, duplication, inversion, reciprocal, translocation. |
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Term
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Definition
1. nitrogenous base
2. phosphate group
3. 5-carbon sugar |
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Term
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Definition
purines: adenine, cytosine
pyrimidines: thyamine, guanine |
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