Respiration - A group of chemical reactions that harvest the energy stored in glucose.

Glycolysis - Respiration Reaction.  Oldest chemical reaction.  Occurs in cytoplasm.  Splits glucose into pyruvate.

Absorption - Light is taken in

Reflection - Light bounces off

Transmission - Light passes through

Thylakoid -Housespigment molecules (chlorophyll carotenoids)

Grana -Stacks of thylakoids

Stroma  - Enzyme floor of chloroplast

Light Dependent Reactions - Need light energy, occur in Thyalkoid/Grana, divided into photosystems.

 Photosystem 2 -Produces ATP (energy carrier) and oxygen (from water)

Photosystem 1 -Produces NADPH (electron carrier)

Kinetic Energy - Energy for motion

Potential Energy - Stored energy

Endergonic - Products have more energy than reactants.  Energy must be put into these chemical reactions. Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction.  Example:  A + B + Energy = AB.  Think of it like this -- Ender = Enter.  Energy enters.

Exergonic - Basically the opposite of the above.  Energy is produced.  Respiration is exergonic.  AB = A + B + Energy.  Think of it like this -- Exer = Exit.  Energy exits or results. 

Enzymes - Proteins whose function is to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Active Site -Location on the enzyme where substrates bind.

Substrates - Molecules that bind to enzymes.

Common cell features - All cells have a plasma membrane (membrane around cell), a cytoplasm (space between plasma membrane and ribosomes (protein makers)

Prokaryotic - Bacteria cells with no nucleus or nucleoid (???)

Eukaryotic - Plant and animal cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.  Plant cells have: Chloroplast (site of photosynthesis), Cell wall (for structure), and the Central Vaculoe (for storage)

Active Transport -Movement of material with energy (ATP) from low to high concentration

Phospholipid bilayer - Phosopholipids arranged tail to tail to make up the bilayer.

Proteins:

Transport Proteins - Move things in and out of cell.

Receptor Proteins - Will cause cell to act in a certain way

Recognition Proteins - Basically the identification tag of a cell.

Passive Transport - Movement of material without energy from a high to low concentration.  Look for words like "natural movement"

Aerobic requires energy.  Anaerobic does not.

Simple Diffusion - Going across the phospholipid bilayer.  Passive Transport.

Facilitated Diffusion - Going through the transport proteins.  Passive Transport.

Osmosis -Water moving across thephospholipid bilayer

Hypertonic Solution -More solute (salt, sugar, whatever).  Low water outside cell.  Water moves from the inside of the cell to the outside, causing it to shrivel/shrink.

Hypotonic Solution - Low solute and high water outside of cell.  Water moves into the cell causing it to swell.

Fermentation - Respiration Reaction.  Follows Glycolysis if oxygen ISN'T present.  Occurs in cytoplasm.  Converts pyruvate into alcohol or lactic acid.

Kreb Cycle - Respiration Reaction.  Follows glycolsys if oxygen IS present.  Produces Carbon Dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.  Occurs in Matrix (Enzyme floor of Mitochondria).

Endocytosis - Active Transport.  Moving from outside to inside of cell

Pinocytosis - Cell drinking.  Active Transport.

Phagocytosis - Cell Eating.  Active Transport

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis - Material binds to receptor protein to get inside of a cell. Active Transport.