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| added a lense so it would easily be used |
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| dutch draper, constructing lenses |
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| cell is independent living unit |
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| Identified nucleus in cells |
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| Hans and Zacharius Janseen |
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| found microscope, found object appear larger through the lenses |
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| outer cell membrane, encloses the cytoplasm |
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| in eukaryotic cells only, organelle w/ outer envelope of 2 porestudded lipid bilayers |
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| in prokayotic cells, region of cytoplasm where DNA is concentrated |
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| semifluid matrix between a cell's plasma membrane and its nucleus or nucleoid |
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| protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacterial cells |
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| site orf protein synthesis; rRNA and proteins |
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| finishes, sorts, ships lipids, enzymes |
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| double-membraned organelle of ATP formation |
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| fluid-filled organelle in many plant cells |
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| small, membrane-closed saclike organelle, store, transport or degrade contents. |
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| enzyme filled vesicle, intracellular digestion |
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| barrel shaped structure that has a role in microtubule formation in cilia, flagella |
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| communication junction between adjoining cells |
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| organelle of photosynthesis in plants and some protists |
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| in many cells, not animals, semirigid permeable structure around plasma membrane |
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| in a nucleus, dnese irregularly shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembled |
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| double membrane that constitutes the otuer boundary of the nucleus |
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| enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, toxic substances |
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| anchor cells to each other and extracellular matrix |
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| open channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells |
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| long, slender cellular structure used for mortality |
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| dynamic lobe of membrance enclosed cytoplasm, functions in motility and phagocytosis |
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| difference in concentration between adjoining regions of fluid |
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| amount of hydrostatic pressure that prevents osmosis into cytoplasm |
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| all of DNA molecules and associated proteins in the nucleus |
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| complete molecule of DNA and its attached proteins carries part or all of organelles genes |
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| lipid w/ a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails |
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| hydrostatic pressure, counters osmosis |
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| describes a fluid w/ a high solute concentration relative to another fluid |
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| describes a fluid w/ the same solute concentration relative to another fluid |
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| describes a fluid w/ a lower solute concentration relative to another fluid |
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| adenosine triphophate. nucleotide that consists of anademine base, main carrier between sites |
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| adenosine diphosphate, mixes w/ phophate to make ATP |
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| coenzyme that can diffuse freely through the cytoplasm |
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| flavin adenine dinucleotide |
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| semiflluid matrix between thylakoid membrane and 2 outer membranes of chloroplast |
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| chloroplasts inner membrane system |
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| mechanism by which a concentratio gradiant arrives the movement of a solute |
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| mechanism by which a solute is moved across a cell membrane against its concentration gradiant through a transport protein |
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| Compare the function limitations and uses of the types of microscopes- simple, compound transmission electron and scanning electron |
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Definition
electron microscopes-use electrons instead of visible light to illuminate samples
transmission electron microscopes-electrons form an image after they pass through a thin specimen
scanning electron microscopes-direct a beam of electrons back and forth across a surface of a specimen |
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| describe the modern cell theory |
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Definition
every living organism consists of one or more cells
cell is the structual and functional unit of all organism a cell is the smallest unit of life, individually alive even as part of a multicelled organism
all living cells come from division of other, preexisting cells
cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to their offspring during division |
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| describe the reasons for the limit to cell size |
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Definition
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| compare prokaryotes ad eukaryotes. why are internal membranes an advantage to cells |
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Definition
prokaryotic cells-usually smaller and simpler, none has a nucleus
eukaryotic cells-divided into various functional compartments including a nucleus |
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Term
| describe the fluid mosaic model |
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Definition
| describes the organization of cell membranes, by this model, a cell membrane is a mosaic, a mixed composition of mostly phopholipids, with steriods, proteins, and other molecules dispersed among them |
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| name the types of membrane proteins |
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Definition
adhesion proteins-fasten cells to other cells
recognition proteins -unique identity tags for each individual or species
receptor proteins bind to a particular substance outside of the cell
transport proteins-integral membrane proteins that move specific ions or molecules across a lipid bilayer |
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| compare the features of plant and animal cells |
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Definition
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| describe the function fo the endomembrane system. trace the movement of a protein from formation through the endomembrane system to the outside of the cell |
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Definition
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| compare the smooth ER and the rough ER in terms of their functions as well as appearance |
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Definition
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discuss the roles of the central vacuole including the importance of hydrostatic pressure in maintaining plant structure
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Definition
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| describe the chloroplast and mitochondria and their roles in cellular metabolism |
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Definition
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| describe the endosymbioltic theory and the cellular structures that are likely to have come from endosymbiosis as well as the evidence that supports this theory |
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Definition
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| describe the componenet s fo the cytoskeleton microtubule, microfilament and the intermediate filament. compare the different roles they play in the cell |
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Definition
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| describe the cell membrane in term of structue and the role it has as a semipermeable membrane |
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Definition
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| discuss diffusion and the factors affecting diffusion |
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Definition
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| describe osmosis and be able to determine how concentration of solute affects the movement of water(tonictiy) |
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Definition
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| describe membrane crossing mechanisms |
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